Sossin 1: Neurotransmitters and Vesicular Transporters
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Questions and Answers

Where are classical neurotransmitters synthesized?

  • Synaptic vesicles
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cytoplasm (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus

    • What is the difference between classical and peptide transmitters?

  • Classical transmitters are used for slow neurotransmission and peptide transmitters are used for fast neurotransmission
  • Classical transmitters are used for fast neurotransmission and peptide transmitters are used for slow neurotransmission
  • Classical transmitters are released faster than peptide transmitters
  • Classical transmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm and peptide transmitters are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus (correct)

    • What type of vesicles are responsible for releasing neuropeptides?

  • Synaptic vesicles
  • Regulated secretory vesicles
  • Active zone vesicles
  • Dense Core vesicles (correct)

    • What structure is involved in the synthesis of peptide transmitters?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transporters in synaptic transmission?

    <p>To package neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurotransmission is associated with classical transmitters?

    <p>Both fast and slow neurotransmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for converting tyrosine to dopamine?

    <p>Tyrosine hydroxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is localized to the Locus Coeruleus?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of neurons that use modulatory neurotransmission?

    <p>They project widely to the whole neocortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved in both fast and modulatory neurotransmission?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of modulatory neurotransmitters?

    <p>Regulation of mood, attention, and psychological processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main target of psychoactive drugs?

    <p>Modulatory neurotransmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of pumping in negatively charged Glutamate on the Vesicular ATPase?

    <p>Enables the ATP pump to work better</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of VGLUT3 in comparison to other transporters?

    <p>More sensitive to charge than pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of removing VGLUT3 on Acetylcholine release when co-expressed with another transmitter in the same vesicle?

    <p>Reduces the release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the build-up of positively charged Acetylcholine in the vesicle?

    <p>It is harder to pump in H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of co-expressing VACHT and VGLUT3?

    <p>Synergizes the storage of other transmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of VACHT in the vesicle?

    <p>To care about the concentration of H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ATP's channels?

    <p>Both fast and slow ligand-gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ATP's specific transporter?

    <p>To put ATP into vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current understanding of the sorting of ATP core vesicles transporter?

    <p>It is controversial whether it is sorted into synaptic vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely source of ATP release?

    <p>Secretory vesicles or granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been lost over evolution in terms of neurotransmitters?

    <p>Lots of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the expansions of vesicular transporters in many species?

    <p>They have evolved new SV transmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT) in neurotransmission?

    <p>To transport all modulatory transmitters, including serotonin, against their chemical gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between plasma membrane transporters and vesicular transporters?

    <p>The location of the transporter in the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about neurotransmitter transporters?

    <p>They require binding and unbinding of neurotransmitters for transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sodium in the function of the specific serotonin transporter?

    <p>To push serotonin into the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transporter is targeted by SSRIs?

    <p>Plasma membrane serotonin transporter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the lower affinity of Vesicular GABA and Glycine Transporter (VGAT) for glycine?

    <p>Glycine needs a plasma membrane transporter to increase its cytoplasmic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

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