Sossin 1: Neurotransmitters and Vesicular Transporters

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Where are classical neurotransmitters synthesized?

Synaptic vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm (correct)
Golgi apparatus

What is the difference between classical and peptide transmitters?

Classical transmitters are used for slow neurotransmission and peptide transmitters are used for fast neurotransmission
Classical transmitters are used for fast neurotransmission and peptide transmitters are used for slow neurotransmission
Classical transmitters are released faster than peptide transmitters
Classical transmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm and peptide transmitters are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus (correct)

What type of vesicles are responsible for releasing neuropeptides?

Synaptic vesicles
Regulated secretory vesicles
Active zone vesicles
Dense Core vesicles (correct)

What structure is involved in the synthesis of peptide transmitters?

Golgi apparatus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of transporters in synaptic transmission?

To package neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurotransmission is associated with classical transmitters?

Both fast and slow neurotransmission (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for converting tyrosine to dopamine?

Tyrosine hydroxylase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is localized to the Locus Coeruleus?

Norepinephrine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of neurons that use modulatory neurotransmission?

They project widely to the whole neocortex (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is involved in both fast and modulatory neurotransmission?

Acetylcholine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of modulatory neurotransmitters?

Regulation of mood, attention, and psychological processes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main target of psychoactive drugs?

Modulatory neurotransmission (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of pumping in negatively charged Glutamate on the Vesicular ATPase?

Enables the ATP pump to work better (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of VGLUT3 in comparison to other transporters?

More sensitive to charge than pH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of removing VGLUT3 on Acetylcholine release when co-expressed with another transmitter in the same vesicle?

Reduces the release (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the build-up of positively charged Acetylcholine in the vesicle?

It is harder to pump in H+ ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of co-expressing VACHT and VGLUT3?

Synergizes the storage of other transmitters (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of VACHT in the vesicle?

To care about the concentration of H+ ions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ATP's channels?

Both fast and slow ligand-gated channels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ATP's specific transporter?

To put ATP into vesicles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current understanding of the sorting of ATP core vesicles transporter?

It is controversial whether it is sorted into synaptic vesicles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely source of ATP release?

Secretory vesicles or granules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What has been lost over evolution in terms of neurotransmitters?

Lots of neurotransmitters (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the expansions of vesicular transporters in many species?

They have evolved new SV transmitters (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT) in neurotransmission?

To transport all modulatory transmitters, including serotonin, against their chemical gradient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between plasma membrane transporters and vesicular transporters?

The location of the transporter in the neuron (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about neurotransmitter transporters?

They require binding and unbinding of neurotransmitters for transport (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sodium in the function of the specific serotonin transporter?

To push serotonin into the cytoplasm (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transporter is targeted by SSRIs?

Plasma membrane serotonin transporter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the lower affinity of Vesicular GABA and Glycine Transporter (VGAT) for glycine?

Glycine needs a plasma membrane transporter to increase its cytoplasmic levels (D) Signup and view all the answers