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Neurotransmitters and Stimulants Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of caffeine on neurotransmitters?

Antagonizes adenosine receptors (correct)
Stimulates endorphin release
Increases acetylcholine levels
Acts as a reuptake blocker for dopamine

Which of the following statements about cocaine is true?

It increases serotonin and norepinephrine exclusively.
It primarily functions as a dopamine agonist.
It enhances the production of dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.
It blocks the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. (correct)

What process does amphetamine use to increase dopamine levels in the synapse?

Blocks VMAT and enhances neurotransmitter storage
Displaces dopamine from vesicles and blocks reuptake (correct)
Acts as a competitive antagonist at dopamine receptors
Inhibits serotonin release

How does nicotine primarily affect the brain's reward system?

<p>Agonizes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, releasing dopamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)?

<p>Packages neurotransmitters into vesicles for release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What does caffeine do to adenosine?

Caffeine is an adenosine antagonist. It blocks adenosine receptors, preventing adenosine from binding and inhibiting neuron firing. This results in increased alertness and energy.

What is the primary mechanism of cocaine?

Cocaine acts as a reuptake blocker for dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. It prevents these neurotransmitters from being reabsorbed back into the presynaptic neuron, increasing their concentration in the synapse.

How does amphetamine impact dopamine?

Amphetamine displaces dopamine from the vesicles in the presynaptic neuron by reversing the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT). It also blocks dopamine reuptake, leading to a significant increase in dopamine levels in the synapse.

What is the role of the nucleus accumbens in reward pathways?

The nucleus accumbens is a key structure in the reward pathway. It receives dopamine signals from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and plays a crucial role in motivating behavior, goal-directed actions, and pleasure.

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What is the function of the VMAT?

The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a protein that packages monoamine neurotransmitters (like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) into vesicles within neurons. These vesicles then release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

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