Sossin 3: Neurotransmitter Release, Triggering Mechanisms

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What is the basis of quantal release of transmitters from synaptic vesicles?

Vesicles are released in a gradient fashion

Transmitters are released in a wave-like pattern

One quantum equals one vesicle (correct)

Each vesicle releases multiple quanta of transmitters

What is the role of scaffold proteins in the active zone of the synapse?

To regulate the release of neurotransmitters

To connect synaptic vesicles to calcium channels (correct)

To increase the distance between calcium channels and vesicles

To recycle synaptic vesicles

What is the effect of high calcium concentrations on neurotransmitter release?

Release is not affected by high calcium concentrations

Release is blocked due to high calcium concentrations

Release is enhanced due to high calcium concentrations

Release can occur even with high calcium concentrations due to fast, low-affinity reactions (correct)

What is the function of SNARE proteins in synaptic vesicle fusion?

To form a complex that includes VAMP, Syntaxin, and SNAP-25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Tetanus and Botulinum toxins on neurotransmitter release?

They block neurotransmitter release by cleaving VAMP, SNAP25, or syntaxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the connection between synaptic vesicles and calcium channels?

Tethering Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of VAMP in the SNARE complex?

It is a protein on the synaptic vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of minimal stimulation of axons with many EPSPs?

It leads to the discovery of quantal release Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reaction that occurs between calcium and vesicles in the active zone?

Fast, low-affinity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the organization of the active zone crucial for?

Release sites must be near calcium channels and opposite receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Munc 13 in synaptic vesicle fusion?

Facilitating SNARE complex formation by disrupting Munc 18's interactions with Syntaxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of removing synaptotagmin I from the synaptic vesicle fusion machinery?

Elimination of fast calcium-evoked release, while spontaneous and asynchronous release persist Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Complexin in synaptic vesicle fusion?

Acting as a fusion clamp to prevent spontaneous release Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NSF in synaptic vesicle fusion?

Breaking up the SNARE complex after fusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between neuropeptide release and classical neurotransmitter release?

Neuropeptide release requires higher rates of stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the DOC2 family in synaptic vesicle fusion?

Involved in spontaneous release and asynchronous release Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of Munc 18 knockdown in synaptic vesicle fusion?

No spontaneous or evoked release Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of UNC-13 in synaptic vesicle fusion?

Tethering synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of clathrin in synaptic vesicle recycling?

Crucial for regenerating synaptic vesicles from endosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for neuropeptide release from dense-core vesicles?

Lower calcium concentrations Signup and view all the answers