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What is the main function of nervous tissue?
What is the main function of nervous tissue?
What are the main cells of the nervous tissue?
What are the main cells of the nervous tissue?
What are the specialized receptors of neurons used for?
What are the specialized receptors of neurons used for?
What is the function of glial cells or neuroglia in the nervous tissue?
What is the function of glial cells or neuroglia in the nervous tissue?
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What are the extensions specialized in receiving stimuli from the cell body called?
What are the extensions specialized in receiving stimuli from the cell body called?
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Where are the nucleus and most organelles located in a neuron?
Where are the nucleus and most organelles located in a neuron?
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What type of synapse is capable of maintaining or increasing the resting potential until it is hyperpolarized?
What type of synapse is capable of maintaining or increasing the resting potential until it is hyperpolarized?
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Which neuroglial cells are responsible for making and maintaining myelin in the CNS?
Which neuroglial cells are responsible for making and maintaining myelin in the CNS?
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What type of fibers are surrounded by Schwann cells and have myelin sheaths in the PNS?
What type of fibers are surrounded by Schwann cells and have myelin sheaths in the PNS?
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What do Schwann cells in the PNS do?
What do Schwann cells in the PNS do?
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What is the function of satellite cells in the PNS?
What is the function of satellite cells in the PNS?
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Which part of the nervous system is responsible for all involuntary functions?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for all involuntary functions?
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Where is the gray matter found in the brain?
Where is the gray matter found in the brain?
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What do most interneurons do in the brain?
What do most interneurons do in the brain?
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What is the role of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum?
What is the role of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum?
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What is the function of meninges in the CNS?
What is the function of meninges in the CNS?
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What is the role of ependymocytes in the CNS?
What is the role of ependymocytes in the CNS?
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Where is the white matter predominantly found in the CNS?
Where is the white matter predominantly found in the CNS?
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What is the main function of dendrites in neurons?
What is the main function of dendrites in neurons?
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Which type of neuron classification is characterized by having numerous dendrites and a single axon?
Which type of neuron classification is characterized by having numerous dendrites and a single axon?
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What is the main function of motor neurons?
What is the main function of motor neurons?
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What is the role of myelin sheaths in axons?
What is the role of myelin sheaths in axons?
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What is the function of the Na+-K+ pumps in maintaining neuron polarity?
What is the function of the Na+-K+ pumps in maintaining neuron polarity?
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What is the all-or-nothing law in relation to action potential?
What is the all-or-nothing law in relation to action potential?
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In what type of conduction do myelinated fibers transmit impulses much faster than unmyelinated fibers?
In what type of conduction do myelinated fibers transmit impulses much faster than unmyelinated fibers?
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What are Ranvier nodules?
What are Ranvier nodules?
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What is the function of interneurons?
What is the function of interneurons?
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What is the main function of sensitive neurons?
What is the main function of sensitive neurons?
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What is the main function of synaptic buttons at the terminal end of axons?
What is the main function of synaptic buttons at the terminal end of axons?
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What is the outermost layer in contact with the bones of the skull and spine called?
What is the outermost layer in contact with the bones of the skull and spine called?
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Which layer is formed by dense conjunctiva and adheres to the dura mater with a flat layer and a network of trabeculae?
Which layer is formed by dense conjunctiva and adheres to the dura mater with a flat layer and a network of trabeculae?
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Which layer of the meninges is the innermost and associated with nervous tissue?
Which layer of the meninges is the innermost and associated with nervous tissue?
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What are bundles of nerve fibers located outside the CNS surrounded by sheaths of connective tissue called?
What are bundles of nerve fibers located outside the CNS surrounded by sheaths of connective tissue called?
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What is the motor and involuntary system that helps to maintain the homeostasis of the organism by controlling the viscera called?
What is the motor and involuntary system that helps to maintain the homeostasis of the organism by controlling the viscera called?
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Where do the neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate from?
Where do the neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate from?
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What type of ganglia lodges bodies of sensitive neurons and is associated with some cranial pairs and all spinal nerves?
What type of ganglia lodges bodies of sensitive neurons and is associated with some cranial pairs and all spinal nerves?
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Where do the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate from?
Where do the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate from?
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What type of ganglia lodges the neuronal bodies of the postsynaptic motor neurons of the ANS?
What type of ganglia lodges the neuronal bodies of the postsynaptic motor neurons of the ANS?
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Which system generally prepares the body for action, acts in situations of stress, and increases breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles, and dilates pupils?
Which system generally prepares the body for action, acts in situations of stress, and increases breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles, and dilates pupils?
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Study Notes
Nervous Tissue
- The main function of nervous tissue is to receive, integrate, and respond to stimuli.
- The main cells of nervous tissue are neurons and neuroglia (glial cells).
Neurons
- Specialized receptors of neurons are used for detecting and responding to stimuli.
- Dendrites are extensions of the cell body that receive stimuli.
- The nucleus and most organelles are located in the cell body of a neuron.
Glial Cells (Neuroglia)
- The function of glial cells is to provide support, protection, and maintenance to neurons.
- Glial cells in the CNS are responsible for making and maintaining myelin.
Synapses
- Electrical synapses are capable of maintaining or increasing the resting potential until it is hyperpolarized.
Neuroglial Cells
- Oligodendrocytes are responsible for making and maintaining myelin in the CNS.
- Schwann cells in the PNS surround fibers with myelin sheaths and maintain them.
- Schwann cells in the PNS provide support and maintenance to neurons.
- Satellite cells in the PNS provide support and maintenance to neurons.
Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system is responsible for all involuntary functions.
- Grey matter is found in the brain and is composed of neuron cell bodies.
- Most interneurons integrate and process information in the brain.
- Purkinje cells in the cerebellum integrate and process information.
- Meninges in the CNS provide protection and support to the brain and spinal cord.
- Ependymocytes in the CNS produce cerebrospinal fluid.
- White matter is predominantly found in the CNS and is composed of myelinated axons.
Neuron Classification
- Multipolar neurons are characterized by having numerous dendrites and a single axon.
- Motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.
- Myelin sheaths in axons increase the speed of impulse transmission.
Action Potential
- The Na+-K+ pumps in neurons maintain neuron polarity by regulating ion concentrations.
- The all-or-nothing law states that action potential is generated only when the stimulus is above a certain threshold.
- Saltatory conduction is a type of conduction where myelinated fibers transmit impulses much faster than unmyelinated fibers.
- Ranvier nodules are gaps in the myelin sheath where impulses jump from one node to the next.
Neurons and Synapses
- Interneurons integrate and process information in the brain.
- Sensitive neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the CNS.
- Synaptic buttons at the terminal end of axons release neurotransmitters to transmit signals.
Meninges
- The outermost layer of the meninges in contact with the bones of the skull and spine is called the dura mater.
- The arachnoid layer is formed by dense conjunctiva and adheres to the dura mater with a flat layer and a network of trabeculae.
- The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and is associated with nervous tissue.
Nerve Fibers
- Bundles of nerve fibers located outside the CNS surrounded by sheaths of connective tissue are called nerves.
Autonomic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- The parasympathetic nervous system helps to maintain the homeostasis of the organism by controlling the viscera.
- The neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate from the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
- Dorsal root ganglia lodge bodies of sensitive neurons and are associated with some cranial pairs and all spinal nerves.
- The neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
- Sympathetic ganglia lodge the neuronal bodies of the postsynaptic motor neurons of the ANS.
- The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action, acts in situations of stress, and increases breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles, and dilates pupils.
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Description
Test your knowledge of neurotransmitters, excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and neuroglial cells in the central nervous system. Explore the roles and functions of various types of neuroglial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microcytes, and ependymocytes.
