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Neurotransmitter and Synapse Quiz
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Neurotransmitter and Synapse Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of nervous tissue?

  • To store nutrients
  • To provide support to the body
  • To transform stimuli into nerve impulses (correct)
  • To produce hormones

    • What are the main cells of the nervous tissue?

  • Fat cells
  • White blood cells
  • Neurons (correct)
  • Red blood cells

    • What are the specialized receptors of neurons used for?

  • To produce energy
  • To digest food
  • To store genetic information
  • To capture information from the environment (correct)

    • What is the function of glial cells or neuroglia in the nervous tissue?

    <p>To provide support to the neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the extensions specialized in receiving stimuli from the cell body called?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the nucleus and most organelles located in a neuron?

    <p>In the soma or perikaryon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapse is capable of maintaining or increasing the resting potential until it is hyperpolarized?

    <p>Inhibitory synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuroglial cells are responsible for making and maintaining myelin in the CNS?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers are surrounded by Schwann cells and have myelin sheaths in the PNS?

    <p>Myelinated fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Schwann cells in the PNS do?

    <p>Make and maintain myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of satellite cells in the PNS?

    <p>Give physical support, protection, and nutrition to neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for all involuntary functions?

    <p>Autonomic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the gray matter found in the brain?

    <p>In the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most interneurons do in the brain?

    <p>Form communication networks for integration of sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum?

    <p>To form communication networks for integration of sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of meninges in the CNS?

    <p>To give protection to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ependymocytes in the CNS?

    <p>To facilitate movement of cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the white matter predominantly found in the CNS?

    <p>Formed mostly by nerve fibers and neuroglial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of dendrites in neurons?

    <p>Receive stimuli from multiple neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron classification is characterized by having numerous dendrites and a single axon?

    <p>Multipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of motor neurons?

    <p>Drive impulses to muscles, glands, or other neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of myelin sheaths in axons?

    <p>Make conduction much faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Na+-K+ pumps in maintaining neuron polarity?

    <p>Maintain high concentrations of Na+ in the exterior and high concentrations of K+ in the interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the all-or-nothing law in relation to action potential?

    <p>The action potential can start anywhere on the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of conduction do myelinated fibers transmit impulses much faster than unmyelinated fibers?

    <p>Saltation conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Ranvier nodules?

    <p>Spaces without myelin between myelin sheaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interneurons?

    <p>Act as a connection between sensory and motor neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sensitive neurons?

    <p>Receive sensory impulses from the internal or external environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of synaptic buttons at the terminal end of axons?

    <p>Transmit impulses to another cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer in contact with the bones of the skull and spine called?

    <p>Dura mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is formed by dense conjunctiva and adheres to the dura mater with a flat layer and a network of trabeculae?

    <p>Arachnoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the meninges is the innermost and associated with nervous tissue?

    <p>Pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bundles of nerve fibers located outside the CNS surrounded by sheaths of connective tissue called?

    <p>Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motor and involuntary system that helps to maintain the homeostasis of the organism by controlling the viscera called?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate from?

    <p>Brain or sacral region of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ganglia lodges bodies of sensitive neurons and is associated with some cranial pairs and all spinal nerves?

    <p>Sensitive ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate from?

    <p>Brain or sacral region of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ganglia lodges the neuronal bodies of the postsynaptic motor neurons of the ANS?

    <p>Autonomous ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system generally prepares the body for action, acts in situations of stress, and increases breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles, and dilates pupils?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous Tissue

    • The main function of nervous tissue is to receive, integrate, and respond to stimuli.
    • The main cells of nervous tissue are neurons and neuroglia (glial cells).

    Neurons

    • Specialized receptors of neurons are used for detecting and responding to stimuli.
    • Dendrites are extensions of the cell body that receive stimuli.
    • The nucleus and most organelles are located in the cell body of a neuron.

    Glial Cells (Neuroglia)

    • The function of glial cells is to provide support, protection, and maintenance to neurons.
    • Glial cells in the CNS are responsible for making and maintaining myelin.

    Synapses

    • Electrical synapses are capable of maintaining or increasing the resting potential until it is hyperpolarized.

    Neuroglial Cells

    • Oligodendrocytes are responsible for making and maintaining myelin in the CNS.
    • Schwann cells in the PNS surround fibers with myelin sheaths and maintain them.
    • Schwann cells in the PNS provide support and maintenance to neurons.
    • Satellite cells in the PNS provide support and maintenance to neurons.

    Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system is responsible for all involuntary functions.
    • Grey matter is found in the brain and is composed of neuron cell bodies.
    • Most interneurons integrate and process information in the brain.
    • Purkinje cells in the cerebellum integrate and process information.
    • Meninges in the CNS provide protection and support to the brain and spinal cord.
    • Ependymocytes in the CNS produce cerebrospinal fluid.
    • White matter is predominantly found in the CNS and is composed of myelinated axons.

    Neuron Classification

    • Multipolar neurons are characterized by having numerous dendrites and a single axon.
    • Motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.
    • Myelin sheaths in axons increase the speed of impulse transmission.

    Action Potential

    • The Na+-K+ pumps in neurons maintain neuron polarity by regulating ion concentrations.
    • The all-or-nothing law states that action potential is generated only when the stimulus is above a certain threshold.
    • Saltatory conduction is a type of conduction where myelinated fibers transmit impulses much faster than unmyelinated fibers.
    • Ranvier nodules are gaps in the myelin sheath where impulses jump from one node to the next.

    Neurons and Synapses

    • Interneurons integrate and process information in the brain.
    • Sensitive neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the CNS.
    • Synaptic buttons at the terminal end of axons release neurotransmitters to transmit signals.

    Meninges

    • The outermost layer of the meninges in contact with the bones of the skull and spine is called the dura mater.
    • The arachnoid layer is formed by dense conjunctiva and adheres to the dura mater with a flat layer and a network of trabeculae.
    • The pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and is associated with nervous tissue.

    Nerve Fibers

    • Bundles of nerve fibers located outside the CNS surrounded by sheaths of connective tissue are called nerves.

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
    • The parasympathetic nervous system helps to maintain the homeostasis of the organism by controlling the viscera.
    • The neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate from the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
    • Dorsal root ganglia lodge bodies of sensitive neurons and are associated with some cranial pairs and all spinal nerves.
    • The neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
    • Sympathetic ganglia lodge the neuronal bodies of the postsynaptic motor neurons of the ANS.
    • The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action, acts in situations of stress, and increases breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles, and dilates pupils.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of neurotransmitters, excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and neuroglial cells in the central nervous system. Explore the roles and functions of various types of neuroglial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microcytes, and ependymocytes.

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