Neurotransmission History and Concepts Quiz

<p>Electrical stimulation's physiological effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He linked nicotine and curare to neuromuscular junctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow direct transfer of ionic current between cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degeneration of sympathetic nerve terminals enhanced sensitivity to adrenaline. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connexons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are electrically coupled and act as low-pass filters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic cleft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutamate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of coated vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionotropic receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the rate-limiting step of neural transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ions that can pass through them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involve G-proteins for slower and longer-lasting effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enable bidirectional ionic flow between adjacent cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vesicle fusion, neurotransmitter release, receptor binding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into five known subtypes (M1 to M5) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrodendritic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It modifies the presynaptic neuron's activity following feedback. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow the increase of intracellular calcium levels necessary for exocytosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They undergo endocytosis to be recycled. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pinch off from the plasma membrane to form coated vesicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results from neurotransmitter binding to its specific receptors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Historical evolution of understanding signal transmission in physiology.

Different methods of signaling; electrical involves direct impulses, while chemical uses neurotransmitters.

Muscarine mimics vagus stimulation; atropine blocks it.

In 1904, Elliot proposed adrenaline as a chemical transmitter for the sympathetic nervous system.

In 1905, Langley identified nicotine's role at the neuromuscular junction as a transmitter.

The process where neurotransmitters are used to communicate between nerve cells across a synaptic cleft.

The gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where neurotransmitters are released.

Connections that allow direct ionic current flow between adjacent cells through gap junctions.

Specialized connections between cells that enable ionic current transfer, formed by connexins.

A channel made up of six connexins that contributes to the formation of a gap junction.

Metabotropic receptors that respond to acetylcholine and are coupled to G proteins.

Coupled to pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins, involved in excitatory functions.

Coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, associated with inhibitory effects.

Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, involved in synaptic transmission.

Receptors that mediate fast synaptic transmission through ligand-gated ion channels.

Connections between different parts of neurons via neurotransmitters.

A type of chemical synapse from axon to dendrite.

The process of creating neurotransmitters for synaptic transmission.

Calcium influx triggers the rapid release of neurotransmitters.

Process by which neurotransmitters are released from vesicles.

Transmission from postsynaptic cell to presynaptic terminal.

Process of renewing vesicles for future neurotransmitter release.

A protein involved in forming coated vesicles within cells.

The process of clearing neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft for new transmission.

An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synapse.

The phenomenon where channels become unresponsive despite the presence of a ligand.

The time it takes for neurotransmitter release, diffusion, and receptor binding (0.3-5.0 ms).

G-protein-coupled receptors that trigger slower, longer-lasting effects on neurons.

Five known subtypes (M1 to M5) of acetylcholine receptors involved in parasympathetic neurotransmission.