Neurotransmission History and Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was demonstrated to mimic the effects of stimulating the vagus nerve in 1869?

Atropine
Nicotine
Muscarine (correct)
Adrenaline

Which concept did Du Bois-Raymond propose in 1877 regarding neurotransmission?

Chemical secretion at nerve endings
A purely electrical phenomenon
A combination of chemical and electrical processes (correct)
Only neurotransmitters play a role in signal transmission

What substance did Elliot propose in 1904 might act as a chemical transmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?

Adrenaline (correct)
Atropine
Norepinephrine
Curare

What was the main focus of studies in experimental physiology in the 19th century?

Electrical stimulation's physiological effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role did Langley play in the understanding of chemical transmission in 1905?

He linked nicotine and curare to neuromuscular junctions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electrical synapses?

To allow direct transfer of ionic current between cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What observation made by Elliot challenged the understanding of neurotransmission?

Degeneration of sympathetic nerve terminals enhanced sensitivity to adrenaline. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What component forms the gap junction in electrical synapses?

Connexons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of cells connected by gap junctions?

They are electrically coupled and act as low-pass filters. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In chemical synapses, what structure is crucial for neurotransmitter transmission?

Synaptic cleft (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscarinic receptors are specifically known to produce EPSPs in autonomic ganglia?

M1 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect do M2 muscarinic receptors have on the heart?

Slow heart rate (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins?

M2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Glutamate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscarinic receptors is linked to smooth muscle contraction?

M1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of clathrin in cellular processes?

Formation of coated vesicles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of nerve gases like sarin on acetylcholine activity?

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is characterized as ligand-gated ion channels?

Ionotropic receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the synaptic delay impact neural transmission?

It is the rate-limiting step of neural transmission (A) Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a channel is excitatory or inhibitory in the case of ionotropic receptors?

The ions that can pass through them (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of metabotropic receptors compared to ionotropic receptors?

Involve G-proteins for slower and longer-lasting effects (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the properties of electrical synapses?

They enable bidirectional ionic flow between adjacent cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps in chemical synaptic transmission?

Vesicle fusion, neurotransmitter release, receptor binding. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released from all preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are muscarinic acetylcholine receptors classified?

Into five known subtypes (M1 to M5) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical synapse occurs between a dendrite and another dendrite?

Dendrodendritic (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does retrograde chemical transmission impact the presynaptic neuron?

It modifies the presynaptic neuron's activity following feedback. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of voltage-gated calcium channels during neurotransmitter release?

They allow the increase of intracellular calcium levels necessary for exocytosis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to synaptic vesicles after they have released their neurotransmitter?

They undergo endocytosis to be recycled. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of coated pits during the recycling of synaptic vesicles?

They pinch off from the plasma membrane to form coated vesicles. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the biochemical response of the postsynaptic cell?

It results from neurotransmitter binding to its specific receptors. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemical Transmission History

Historical evolution of understanding signal transmission in physiology.

Electrical vs Chemical Transmission

Different methods of signaling; electrical involves direct impulses, while chemical uses neurotransmitters.