Questions and Answers
What is neurotransmission?
What are the characteristics of anatomical neurotransmission?
Hard-wired synaptic connections between neurons.
What are axodendritic connections?
Axon to dendrite terminals.
What defines axosomatic connections?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe axoaxonic connections.
Signup and view all the answers
What happens in classic synaptic neurotransmission?
Signup and view all the answers
Which are the six key neurotransmitters?
Signup and view all the answers
What is retrograde neurotransmission?
Signup and view all the answers
Define volume neurotransmission.
Signup and view all the answers
What does classic neurotransmission involve?
Signup and view all the answers
Explain secretion coupling.
Signup and view all the answers
What are pyramidal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the characteristics of double bouquet cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of basket cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Identify spiny neurons.
Signup and view all the answers
What defines Purkinje cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the main structures of neuron cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of dendrites?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the soma do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of axons?
Signup and view all the answers
What are terminals in the context of neurons?
Signup and view all the answers
Define endogenous ligands.
Signup and view all the answers
What are exogenous ligands?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ionotropic mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is known about metabotropic receptors?
Signup and view all the answers
An axon terminal is where signals are ______.
Signup and view all the answers
The axon hillock is crucial for ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of degradation in neurotransmission?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Neurotransmission Concepts
- Neurotransmission, or synaptic transmission, involves the release of neurotransmitters by a presynaptic neuron, which bind to the receptors of a postsynaptic neuron.
- Anatomical neurotransmission refers to the complex physical wiring of neurons, similar to telephone wires, facilitating electrical impulses between synapses.
Types of Neuronal Connections
- Axodendritic connections: Axon terminals connect to dendrites.
- Axosomatic connections: Axon terminals connect directly to the cell body (soma).
- Axoaxonic connections: Axon terminals interact with other axons.
Classic and Retrograde Neurotransmission
- Classic synaptic neurotransmission involves presynaptic neuron stimulation converting electrical signals into chemical messengers that activate postsynaptic receptors.
- Retrograde neurotransmission allows postsynaptic neurons to communicate back to presynaptic neurons, utilizing endocannabinoids produced in the postsynaptic neuron.
Volume Neurotransmission
- Volume neurotransmission occurs without direct synaptic connections, allowing neurotransmitters to diffuse to distant receptors, representing how communication can spill over like a "chemical soup" in the brain.
Secretion Mechanisms
- Secretion coupling converts electrical impulses in presynaptic neurons into chemical signals at synapses, often involving voltage-sensitive calcium channels.
Types of Neurons
- Pyramidal cells are excitatory neurons located in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.
- Double bouquet cells are interneurons found in the visual cortex, noted for their unique morphology and role in cortical circuits.
- Basket cells are interneurons that create inhibitory synapses, controlling the action potential discharge of target cells.
- Spiny neurons, primarily GABAergic, make up 95% of striatal neurons, categorized into D1-type and D2-type based on their pathways and receptor profiles.
- Purkinje cells are large neurons in the cerebellum, responsible for motor coordination output, receiving numerous synaptic connections.
Neuron Structure and Function
- Key components of neuron cell structures include membranes, nucleus, endoreticulum, polysomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and neurofilaments.
- Dendrites receive signals; the soma (cell body) maintains integrity and integrates incoming signals; axons conduct signals away, while terminals send signals to surrounding cells.
Ligands and Receptors
- Endogenous ligands are naturally occurring neurotransmitters and hormones within the body.
- Exogenous ligands refer to external substances like drugs and toxins.
- Ionotropic receptors facilitate neurotransmission through ion movement across membranes.
- Metabotropic receptors involve complex signaling pathways that may influence neuron activity (details to be learned).
Neurotransmitter Processing
- Degradation involves the rapid breakdown or inactivation of neurotransmitters by enzymes, ensuring neurotransmitter levels are tightly regulated.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore key concepts of neurotransmission with these flashcards from Chapter 1. Learn about the process of neurotransmission and its anatomical aspects. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of neuroscience.