Neuroscience: Sensory Areas Quiz

Located just behind the central sulcus and receives touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature sensations.

Processes and analyzes somatosensory input, including the interpretation of touch.

In the temporal lobe, it receives auditory information like speech, music, and noises.

Advanced thinking, decision-making, emotional control, and working memory.

In the temporal lobe (near the somatosensory area for tongue sensations).

Approximately 3 pounds.

About 35 billion neurons.

Neural activity and information processing principles (from Chapter 11) apply.

Two hemispheres of the brain.

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary; part of the brain.

Mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Smaller hemispheres, posterior and inferior to cerebrum.

Fluid-filled spaces connected to spinal cavity.

Two brain cavities, connected indirectly.

Brain composed of gray matter (nuclei of cell bodies), white matter (tracts of axons).

Neurons that transmit sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (CNS).

Neurons that transmit signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to muscles or glands, causing movement or other responses.

Part of brain that initiates voluntary movements.

Outermost layer of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions.

Deep groove that separates the two brain hemispheres.

Mild traumatic brain injury with temporary loss of consciousness.

Acute brain damage due to trauma.

Brain area responsible for speech production.

The most inferior part of the brainstem, connecting to the spinal cord.

Controls vital autonomic functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing.

Coordinates and smooths out voluntary movements, maintaining balance and posture.

The outer layer of the cerebellum, responsible for processing and coordinating movements.

Protective membranes surrounding the brain, cushioning and preventing damage.

Large area in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes that receives input from multiple sensory association areas.

Interprets sensory information, responds to the prefrontal cortex, aids in language understanding (Wernicke's area), recognizing patterns and faces.

Gives emotional meaning to situations.

Left hemisphere, primarily responsible for logical processing (language, math, logic).

Right hemisphere, primarily responsible for intuition, emotions, and artistic functions (visual-spatial).

Connect areas within the same cerebral hemisphere.

Connect the two cerebral hemispheres.

Located under the lateral ventricles, part of the extrapyramidal system, control muscle coordination and tone (learned movements).

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries located in the ventricles of the brain.

CSF protects the brain by acting as a shock absorber, preventing damage from sudden movements.

CSF carries nutrients and chemical messengers to the brain and removes waste products.

The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of many substances from the blood into the brain, protecting it from harmful molecules.

The hypothalamus is a brain region that is not fully protected by the BBB, allowing hormones to reach it and for it to release regulatory substances into the blood.

The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information, transferring it to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex. It also helps filter incoming sensory data, prioritizing important signals and suppressing irrelevant ones.

The hypothalamus controls many vital bodily functions including regulating body temperature, hunger and thirst, sleep-wake cycles, and emotions. It also influences hormone production and release by the pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland is an endocrine structure located in the brain. It releases hormones that influence and control various body functions and systems, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The mesencephalon, also called the midbrain, plays a crucial role in relaying visual and auditory information. It also houses the reticular formation, which is responsible for alertness and arousal.

The pons is responsible for several functions, including relaying sensory and motor information, regulating breathing, and connecting the cerebellum to the rest of the central nervous system.

Sensory receptors, first-order neuron (PNS), second-order neuron (spinal cord/brainstem), third-order neuron (thalamus), and synapse with primary sensory cortex.

The crossing over of axons in a sensory pathway.

Motor pathways use at least 2 neurons: upper motor neuron (excites/inhibits lower) and lower motor neuron (reaches target).

Unconscious motor commands originating from the basal nuclei and brainstem.

Dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra are impaired, leading to synapse problems & issues with opposing muscle groups.

Controls emotions, behaviours, and links conscious thought to autonomic functions. Key parts include the amygdala and hippocampus.

The formation of new neurons.

Keeps you alert & filters out unnecessary input(weak stimuli). Plays a role in consciousness and sleep.

Located just behind the central sulcus, this cortex receives sensory information like touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature from the body.

This area sits behind the primary somatosensory cortex and analyzes and interprets the sensory information received.

Located in the occipital lobe, this area receives information from the eyes and allows us to see.

Found in the temporal lobe, this cortex is where sound information is processed.

Located in the temporal lobe, this area is responsible for processing smells.

Located in the parietal lobe, this cortex receives taste sensations.

Found in the insula cortex, this area gives you conscious sensations from internal organs like a full bladder or a stomach ache.

This area, located in the frontal lobe, handles complex thought processes, decision-making, emotional regulation, and observing social rules.