Neuroscience Quiz: Facial and Glossopharyngeal Nerves

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Questions and Answers

What symptoms are characteristic of Lower Motor Neuron Disease affecting the facial nerve?

Difficulty raising the eyebrows

Bilateral weakness of the upper facial muscles

Only loss of taste in the posterior tongue

Unilateral paralysis of all facial muscles (correct)

Which pathway is involved in transmitting pain signals from the tympanic membrane to the sensory cortex?

Corticobulbar tract

Medial lemniscus

Spinal lemniscus (correct)

Cingulate gyrus pathway

Why is it difficult for a person with unilateral paresis to raise one eyebrow?

Weakness of lower facial muscles only

Loss of motor control in both hemispheres

Bilateral innervation of upper face muscles (correct)

Reduced sensory feedback from the upper facial region

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign associated with damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Inability to raise the eyebrows Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Maintains balance and spatial orientation Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the parotid gland?

Tympanic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily mediates taste sensations from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Nucleus of solitary tract Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by sudden onset paralysis of ipsilateral facial muscles?

Bell’s Palsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary sensory function of the cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Auditory perception Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely impact of bilateral damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Dysphagia and loss of taste Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary origin of the SVE fibers in the facial nerve?

Motor nucleus of facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which ganglion relays postganglionic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus?

Submandibular ganglion Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the chorda tympani join in its pathway?

Lingual branch of the mandibular nerve Signup and view all the answers

Where does the facial nerve primarily exit the skull?

Internal acoustic meatus Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the facial nerve is responsible for innervating the stapedius muscle?

Stapedial nerve Signup and view all the answers

What provides sensory taste fibers from the soft palate?

Greater petrosal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus is responsible for the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve?

Superior salivatory nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues does the GSA fibers of the facial nerve supply sensory information from?

Skin of the external ear Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a unilateral lesion in the vagus nerve?

Ipsilateral paresis or paralysis of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx Signup and view all the answers

What fibers are involved in the pathway for visceral sensory information from the pharynx and larynx?

Inferior vagal ganglion-nucleus tractus solitarius Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the vagus nerve is responsible for loss of pitch alteration?

Superior laryngeal branch Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a bilateral paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve?

Flaccidity and atrophy of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely to occur with a bilateral lesion of the brainstem impacting the vagus nerve?

Fatal respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

How does the vagus nerve contribute to cardiac function?

Via the dorsal motor nucleus and cardiac plexus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the spinal accessory nerve?

Movement control of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage?

Loss of ability to taste Signup and view all the answers

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve primarily provides what type of innervation?

Parasympathetic motor innervation to thoracic organs Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleus of the vagus nerve is primarily responsible for motor functions?

Nucleus ambiguus Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensation is mediated by the special visceral afferent fibers of the vagus nerve?

Taste sensation from the posterior pharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the left vagus nerve pass posterior to as it descends into the thorax?

Aortic arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve branches?

Innervate laryngeal mucosa and muscles for phonation Signup and view all the answers

Which branches of the vagus nerve are primarily responsible for supplying the stomach?

Anterior and posterior gastric branches Signup and view all the answers

Where does the right vagus nerve primarily travel after entering the thoracic inlet?

Posterior to the right brachiocephalic vein Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers does the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus contain?

General visceral efferent fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve plays a key role in regulating nausea and oxygen intake?

Vagus Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct pathway of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

Pierces the thyrohyoid membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures does NOT receive innervation from the vagus nerve?

Cricothyroid muscle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cranial Nerves 7-12

Facial nerve (VII):
- Contains somatic efferent (SVE) fibers to facial muscles
- Contains visceral efferent (GVE) fibers to glands (lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual)
- Contains special visceral afferent (SVA) fibers from taste buds (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
- Contains general somatic afferent (GSA) fibers from skin of external ear, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane
Nuclei of Facial Nerve:
- Main motor nucleus
- Superior salivatory nucleus (parasympathetic)
- Nucleus of tractus solitarius (special sensory)
- Pontine and spinal trigeminal nuclei (general sensory)
Branches of Facial Nerve:
- Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
Course of Facial Nerve:
- Leaves skull through internal acoustic meatus
- Travels through facial canal (geniculum)
- Enters stylomastoid foramen
- Divides into five branches
Branches within Facial Canal:
- Chorda tympani (joins mandibular nerve, taste)
- Others (supply submandibular and sublingual glands)
Additional Nerves:
- Greater petrosal nerve (GVE to pterygopalatine ganglion, nasal mucosa)
- Stapedial nerve (to stapedius muscle)
Cranial Nerve VII: Components
- Includes the geniculate ganglion
Cranial Nerve VII: Sensory and Motor Component
- Ant. 2/3 of tongue receives taste via geniculate ganglion and tractus solitarius.
Cranial Nerve VII: Clinical Considerations:
- Difficulty with unilateral elevation of one eyebrow
Cranial Nerve VII: Clinical Considerations
- Lesions near pons can result in lower motor neuron issues
Cranial Nerve VII: Motor pathway
- Upper motor neuron paths (cortex) are ipsilateral/contralateral
- Lower motor neuron paths are contralateral.
Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear):
- Special sensory, auditory/balance (cochlea and vestibular apparatus)
- Middle cerebellar peduncle, Inferior colliculus
Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal):
- General visceral afferent (taste, sensations from posterior 1/3 of tongue, tympanic cavity)
- Special visceral afferent (taste posterior 1/3 of tongue)
- General visceral efferent (secretions from parotid)
- Special visceral efferent (swallowing muscles)
Cranial Nerve IX: Nuclei
- Main motor nucleus: superior end of nucleus ambiguus
- Parasympathetic nucleus: inferior salivatory
- Special sensory nucleus: nucleus tractus solitarius,
- General sensory: spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Cranial Nerve IX: Branches
Cranial Nerve IX: clinical considerations
Including dysphagia or loss of taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
Excessive oral secretions; dry mouth
Loss of gag reflex
Bilateral damage needed for clear clinical signs.
Cranial Nerve X (Vagus):
- General sensory afferent (sensation from pharynx, larynx, thorax, abdomen)
- General visceral efferent (innervation to visceral organs)
- Special visceral afferent (taste from posterior tongue)
- Special visceral efferent (swallowing and phonation)
Vagus Nerve (X): Specifics
Course: exits the skull through jugular foramen, descends in the neck, enters thoracic inlet, forms posterior vagal trunk at esophageal hiatus. Passes into abdominal cavity
Branches in Neck, thorax
Superior/Internal/External; cervical muscles; branches to cardiac, pharyngeal, and meningeal branches
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
Right goes around right subclavian, left around aortic arch: Innervations: laryngeal mucosa below fissure of glottis all laryngeal muscles, except cricothyroid
Bronchial and esophageal branches
Branches in Abdomen
Anterior/posterior gastric branches, hepatic branches, celiac branches.
Vagus Nerve (X): Clinical Considerations
- Bilateral lesions near the brainstem can be fatal due to respiratory involvement
- Unilateral lesions can create ipsilateral soft palate, pharynx, and larynx paresis/paralysis
- Pharyngeal branch involvement (uvula, bilateral soft palate droop)
- Recurrent laryngeal branch involvement (unilateral vocal fold paralysis, bilateral stridor and aphonia)
Cranial Nerve XI (accessory):
- Somatic Motor (trapezius and sternocleidomastoid)
Cranial Nerve XI: Specifics
General visceral efferent • Controls head position.
Clinical considerations:
Bilateral lesion of the brainstem; affects control of head movements
Cranial Nerve XII (hypoglossal):
- Somatic motor (tongue)
Hypoglossal nerve (XII): Components
- Controls extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles
Hypoglossal nerve (XII): Clinical Considerations
- LMN unilateral lesion causes wrinkling and flaccidity with possible atrophy.
- Dysarthria and dysphagia
Cranial Nerves: General Summary
- Clinical exam for each: testing of reflex/movement is assessed by the physician.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the functions and symptoms associated with lower motor neuron diseases, particularly focusing on the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. This quiz covers various aspects, including clinical signs, sensory pathways, and nerve innervations. Perfect for students studying neuroscience or anatomy.