Neuroscience Principles in Vision and AI
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Questions and Answers

What does Uexküll's concept of Umwelt elucidate?

  • The structure of the human brain
  • How organisms perceive and interact with their environment based on their sensory apparatus and behavioral repertoire (correct)
  • The role of genes in behavior
  • The evolutionary origins of the nervous system

    • What is the relationship between Umwelt and an organism's surroundings?

  • Intimate relationship (correct)
  • No relationship
  • Distant relationship
  • Indifferent relationship

    • What represents the subjective, species-specific reality in Uexküll's concept?

  • Universal truth
  • Ecological niche
  • Umwelt (correct)
  • Perceptual inputs

    • According to Uexküll, what shapes subsequent perceptual inputs in organisms?

    <p>Behavioral responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the functional cycle embody?

    <p>Continuous loop of perception and action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organisms navigate and adapt to their ecological context?

    <p>Through engagement with the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Godfrey-Smith propose about the evolutionary origins of the nervous system?

    <p>Linked to early forms of sensory interaction and coordination in primitive multicellular organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Whose behavior does Godfrey-Smith examine to understand the evolution of the nervous system?

    <p>Colonial organisms and simple nervous systems in jellyfish and other basal animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when differential reproductive success over time leads to evolution?

    <p>Natural selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of neuro-evolution, what distinguishes a multicellular nervous system from a unicellular reflex system?

    <p>Interpreting stimuli before reacting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the possibilities that have just been actualized and become the substrate for immediate next actions?

    <p>The adjacent possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the phenomenon where we try to see whole forms when possible?

    <p>Gestalt processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes top-down processing in vision according to the text?

    <p>Predictive and exploratory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of our understanding of the visual scene?

    <p>Convenient sampling and resampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept compares the brain to a selective mechanism filtering and focusing attention on specific information?

    <p>Bull's Eye Target (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle states that things closer together tend to be perceived as related?

    <p>Principle of proximity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept emphasizes the formation of new neural pathways by neurons that fire together?

    <p>Hebbian assembly principle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves information and processing traveling back and forth between stages known as reentry and back propagation?

    <p>Reentry and back propagation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle suggests that we tend to complete forms if possible, like perceiving brackets as a square?

    <p>Principle of closure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processing approach involves the gradual building up of complex perceptions from simpler components?

    <p>Bottom-up processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Natural Selection and Evolution?

    <p>To ensure that traits most relevant to the current environment persist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the 'Law of Laziness' considered a post-hoc result of natural selection?

    <p>It emphasizes the survival and reproductive benefit of a trait over its costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct interpretation of the statement: 'Individuals do not and cannot evolve'?

    <p>Evolution refers to changes in populations, not individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it incorrect to say that living species 'evolved from' other living species?

    <p>All living species evolved from a common ancestral species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are individuals and populations mainly striving for?

    <p>To survive in the present moment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it inaccurate to suggest that individuals or species are 'striving' to evolve?

    <p>'Striving' implies a conscious goal, which is not how evolution works (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does emergence describe in the context of system organization?

    <p>The spontaneous generation of novel properties at higher levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the brain's ability to anticipate and predict future states based on internal models of the world?

    <p>Teleception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept elucidates the non-linear and dynamic nature of neural computations?

    <p>Strange geometries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does downward determination illustrate in system dynamics?

    <p>Influence of lower-level elements on higher-level structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term represents basic neural mechanisms shared across diverse sensory modalities and cognitive functions?

    <p>Universals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of complex adaptive systems, what does the reciprocal relationship between emergence and downward determination emphasize?

    <p>Influence of higher-level structures on lower-level elements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did multicellularity likely arise according to the text?

    <p>Following the failure in cell division in single-celled organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event is associated with a rapid evolution of new animal forms?

    <p>The Cambrian explosion with its sudden occurrence of many new organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from other single-celled organisms?

    <p>Their photosensitive spots that allow them to 'see' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did brains help multicellular systems according to the text?

    <p>By enabling centralization of information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggered the rapid evolution believed to have occurred during the Cambrian explosion?

    <p>Failure of cell division in single-celled organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Edicaran era from the Cambrian explosion?

    <p>Lack of interaction despite having nervous systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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