Neuroscience Principles in Vision and AI

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What does Uexküll's concept of Umwelt elucidate?

The structure of the human brain

How organisms perceive and interact with their environment based on their sensory apparatus and behavioral repertoire (correct)

The role of genes in behavior

The evolutionary origins of the nervous system

What is the relationship between Umwelt and an organism's surroundings?

Intimate relationship (correct)

No relationship

Distant relationship

Indifferent relationship

What represents the subjective, species-specific reality in Uexküll's concept?

Universal truth

Ecological niche

Umwelt (correct)

Perceptual inputs

According to Uexküll, what shapes subsequent perceptual inputs in organisms?

Behavioral responses Signup and view all the answers

What does the functional cycle embody?

Continuous loop of perception and action Signup and view all the answers

How do organisms navigate and adapt to their ecological context?

Through engagement with the environment Signup and view all the answers

What does Godfrey-Smith propose about the evolutionary origins of the nervous system?

Linked to early forms of sensory interaction and coordination in primitive multicellular organisms Signup and view all the answers

Whose behavior does Godfrey-Smith examine to understand the evolution of the nervous system?

Colonial organisms and simple nervous systems in jellyfish and other basal animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when differential reproductive success over time leads to evolution?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

In the context of neuro-evolution, what distinguishes a multicellular nervous system from a unicellular reflex system?

Interpreting stimuli before reacting Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the possibilities that have just been actualized and become the substrate for immediate next actions?

The adjacent possible Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the phenomenon where we try to see whole forms when possible?

Gestalt processing Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes top-down processing in vision according to the text?

Predictive and exploratory Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of our understanding of the visual scene?

Convenient sampling and resampling Signup and view all the answers

Which concept compares the brain to a selective mechanism filtering and focusing attention on specific information?

Bull's Eye Target Signup and view all the answers

What principle states that things closer together tend to be perceived as related?

Principle of proximity Signup and view all the answers

Which concept emphasizes the formation of new neural pathways by neurons that fire together?

Hebbian assembly principle Signup and view all the answers

What process involves information and processing traveling back and forth between stages known as reentry and back propagation?

Reentry and back propagation Signup and view all the answers

Which principle suggests that we tend to complete forms if possible, like perceiving brackets as a square?

Principle of closure Signup and view all the answers

Which processing approach involves the gradual building up of complex perceptions from simpler components?

Bottom-up processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Natural Selection and Evolution?

To ensure that traits most relevant to the current environment persist Signup and view all the answers

Why is the 'Law of Laziness' considered a post-hoc result of natural selection?

It emphasizes the survival and reproductive benefit of a trait over its costs Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct interpretation of the statement: 'Individuals do not and cannot evolve'?

Evolution refers to changes in populations, not individuals Signup and view all the answers

Why is it incorrect to say that living species 'evolved from' other living species?

All living species evolved from a common ancestral species Signup and view all the answers

What are individuals and populations mainly striving for?

To survive in the present moment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it inaccurate to suggest that individuals or species are 'striving' to evolve?

'Striving' implies a conscious goal, which is not how evolution works Signup and view all the answers

What does emergence describe in the context of system organization?

The spontaneous generation of novel properties at higher levels Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the brain's ability to anticipate and predict future states based on internal models of the world?

Teleception Signup and view all the answers

What concept elucidates the non-linear and dynamic nature of neural computations?

Strange geometries Signup and view all the answers

What does downward determination illustrate in system dynamics?

Influence of lower-level elements on higher-level structures Signup and view all the answers

Which term represents basic neural mechanisms shared across diverse sensory modalities and cognitive functions?

Universals Signup and view all the answers

In the context of complex adaptive systems, what does the reciprocal relationship between emergence and downward determination emphasize?

Influence of higher-level structures on lower-level elements Signup and view all the answers

Why did multicellularity likely arise according to the text?

Following the failure in cell division in single-celled organisms Signup and view all the answers

What major event is associated with a rapid evolution of new animal forms?

The Cambrian explosion with its sudden occurrence of many new organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from other single-celled organisms?

Their photosensitive spots that allow them to 'see' Signup and view all the answers

How did brains help multicellular systems according to the text?

By enabling centralization of information Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the rapid evolution believed to have occurred during the Cambrian explosion?

Failure of cell division in single-celled organisms Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Edicaran era from the Cambrian explosion?

Lack of interaction despite having nervous systems Signup and view all the answers