Neuroscience of Smell and Taste Anatomy

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How often are olfactory neurons replaced?

Every month

Every year

Every week

Every two months (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary class of smell?

Floral

Camphoraceous

Pungent

Sour (correct)

In which areas do the majority of olfactory neurons project?

Occipital lobe

Cerebellum

Parietal lobe

Central olfactory cortex (correct)

Which of the following is a secondary olfactory area involved in emotional responses to smell?

Hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

Which of these smells is categorized as ethereal?

Fresh pears Signup and view all the answers

What role does the orbitofrontal cortex play in olfactory processing?

Processes perception of odors Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many primary odors may exist?

50 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies an emotional and autonomic response area to smell?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

Chorda tympani (VII) Signup and view all the answers

What type of information do action potentials convey in the visual pathways?

Light and dark, movement, and color Signup and view all the answers

Which papillae are included in the taste sensation carried by the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

Circumvallate papillae Signup and view all the answers

Which structure houses the eyes?

Orbits Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve carries taste sensations from the tongue root and epiglottis?

Vagus nerve (X) Signup and view all the answers

What type of papillae is the most numerous on the tongue?

Filiform Signup and view all the answers

Which papillae are located in folds on the sides of the tongue?

Foliate Signup and view all the answers

How many taste cells are typically found in each taste bud?

40 Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of Vallate papillae?

Largest and arranged in a V-shape Signup and view all the answers

Which taste buds are known to decrease in number with age?

Foliate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microvilli found in taste cells?

To extend into taste pores for taste detection Signup and view all the answers

Which type of papillae appears as small red dots on the tongue?

Fungiform Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Filiform papillae is true?

They are the most numerous type of papillae. Signup and view all the answers

What is the small spot near the center of the retina called?

Macula Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature of the retina is responsible for focusing light?

Fovea centralis Signup and view all the answers

What is found at the optic disc in the retina?

White spot where blood vessels enter Signup and view all the answers

What exits the eye at the optic disc?

Optic nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the fovea centralis?

It is located at the center of the macula. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the role of the macula in vision?

It provides sharp central vision. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the retina does NOT contain photoreceptors?

Optic disc Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the blood vessels in the retina?

They spread over the retina from the optic disc. Signup and view all the answers

What number can a person with normal vision see in the color blindness chart?

74 Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most frequently associated with loss of sharp central vision in older adults?

Macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What does a person with red-green color blindness see on the color blindness chart?

21 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason color blindness occurs more frequently in males?

Genetic traits are X-linked Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is an inflammation of the conjunctiva?

Conjunctivitis Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the clouding of the lens of the eye?

Cataract Signup and view all the answers

What visual perception change does a person with red-green color blindness experience?

Altered perception of reds and greens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions involves the degeneration of the optic nerve?

Diabetic retinopathy Signup and view all the answers