Neuroscience of Smell and Taste Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

How often are olfactory neurons replaced?

  • Every month
  • Every year
  • Every week
  • Every two months (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary class of smell?

  • Floral
  • Camphoraceous
  • Pungent
  • Sour (correct)

In which areas do the majority of olfactory neurons project?

  • Occipital lobe
  • Cerebellum
  • Parietal lobe
  • Central olfactory cortex (correct)

Which of the following is a secondary olfactory area involved in emotional responses to smell?

<p>Hippocampus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these smells is categorized as ethereal?

<p>Fresh pears (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the orbitofrontal cortex play in olfactory processing?

<p>Processes perception of odors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many primary odors may exist?

<p>50 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies an emotional and autonomic response area to smell?

<p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

<p>Chorda tympani (VII) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information do action potentials convey in the visual pathways?

<p>Light and dark, movement, and color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which papillae are included in the taste sensation carried by the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

<p>Circumvallate papillae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure houses the eyes?

<p>Orbits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve carries taste sensations from the tongue root and epiglottis?

<p>Vagus nerve (X) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of papillae is the most numerous on the tongue?

<p>Filiform (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which papillae are located in folds on the sides of the tongue?

<p>Foliate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many taste cells are typically found in each taste bud?

<p>40 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of Vallate papillae?

<p>Largest and arranged in a V-shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which taste buds are known to decrease in number with age?

<p>Foliate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microvilli found in taste cells?

<p>To extend into taste pores for taste detection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of papillae appears as small red dots on the tongue?

<p>Fungiform (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Filiform papillae is true?

<p>They are the most numerous type of papillae. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the small spot near the center of the retina called?

<p>Macula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature of the retina is responsible for focusing light?

<p>Fovea centralis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found at the optic disc in the retina?

<p>White spot where blood vessels enter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What exits the eye at the optic disc?

<p>Optic nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the fovea centralis?

<p>It is located at the center of the macula. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the role of the macula in vision?

<p>It provides sharp central vision. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the retina does NOT contain photoreceptors?

<p>Optic disc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the blood vessels in the retina?

<p>They spread over the retina from the optic disc. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What number can a person with normal vision see in the color blindness chart?

<p>74 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most frequently associated with loss of sharp central vision in older adults?

<p>Macular degeneration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a person with red-green color blindness see on the color blindness chart?

<p>21 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason color blindness occurs more frequently in males?

<p>Genetic traits are X-linked (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is an inflammation of the conjunctiva?

<p>Conjunctivitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the clouding of the lens of the eye?

<p>Cataract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What visual perception change does a person with red-green color blindness experience?

<p>Altered perception of reds and greens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions involves the degeneration of the optic nerve?

<p>Diabetic retinopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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