Neuroscience Learning Objectives

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Questions and Answers

Which cellular component is NOT a primary part of the nervous system?

Schwann cells
Glial cells
Epithelial cells (correct)
Neurons

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily determined by:

The selective permeability of the membrane to different ions and the existing ion concentration gradients. (correct)
The equal concentrations of ions both inside and outside the cell membrane.
The permeability of the membrane to sodium ions only.
The active transport of all ion species across the membrane.

During an action potential, the role of voltage-gated sodium channels is primarily to:

Repolarize the membrane back towards the resting membrane potential.
Maintain the resting membrane potential.
Hyperpolarize the membrane by preventing sodium ions from entering the cell.
Depolarize the membrane by allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell. (correct)

The main impact of myelin on action potential propagation is to:

<p>Increase the speed of action potential propagation through saltatory conduction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of synaptic plasticity, NMDA receptors play a critical role by:

<p>Modulating the strength of the synapse based on its activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Membrane Potential

The difference in electrical charge across a neuron's membrane, caused by the uneven distribution of ions like sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+).

Action Potential

A rapid, short-lasting change in membrane potential that travels down the axon to communicate between neurons. It's triggered by the opening and closing of ion channels.

Saltatory Conduction

The process where an electrical signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to another, speeding up nerve impulse transmission. It relies on the insulation provided by myelin.

Chemical Synapse

A specialized junction where a neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, allowing communication with the next neuron.

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Synaptic Plasticity

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, influenced by repeated stimulation. It's crucial for learning and memory formation.

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Study Notes

Module Learning Objectives

Describe the basic cellular components of the nervous system
Describe the properties of membranes that contribute to membrane potential
Explain the action potential in terms of membrane potential, current, and ion channel function and ion concentration
Describe how passive membrane properties play a role in action potential propagation
Describe the importance of myelin and explain signaling dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
Describe the process of chemical synaptic transmission
Explain how ion channels and receptors contribute to neuronal signaling and communication within networks
Explain how NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic plasticity
Explain how synaptic plasticity relates to memory
Describe how memory is stored in the brain and how plasticity relates to brain volume
Describe brain structures related to memory and lesions that contribute to various types of amnesia
Consider the implications of epilepsy in memory loss