Neuroscience Chapter Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Two famously lateralized areas of the cerebral cortex are:

  • Broca's area and Wernicke's area (correct)
  • choices (a) and (b)
  • primary auditory cortex
  • auditory association cortex
  • the pons

    • Which type of glial cells line the ventricular surfaces of the brain?

  • Microglial cells
  • Schwann cell
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • None of the above (correct)

    • Damage to which part of the brain could cause interference with a person's ability to execute speech, even though they could still retain the ability to think and formulate words in their mind?

  • Broca's area (correct)
  • prefrontal cortex
  • thalamus
  • left primary motor cortex
  • right somatosensory cortex

    • In which brain region is the decussation of the pyramids found?

    <p>pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurons have cell bodies that populate the dorsal root ganglion?

    <p>pseudo-unipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the members of a triad that contain both calcium pumps and voltage-activatable calcium channels?

    <p>terminal cisterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What toxin, when pharmaceuticalized and marketed under the name BOTOX, can be used to treat spastic paralysis and diminish the presence of facial frown lines?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A mutation is discovered in the gene that encodes the central subunit of the troponin complex, making it less able to bind calcium ions than normal. What would happen to a patient carrying this mutation, especially if they are homozygous for it?

    <p>deficiency in initiating initial twitch formation and subsequent summation of twitches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resting membrane voltage across a skeletal muscle cell or neuronal cell membrane is relative. What is the reason for this? Why is a baseline voltage assigned on one side of the membrane?

    <p>using the reference electrode placed on the outside of the cell and assigning it a base line voltage of 0 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glycolysis that is taken up by mitochondria?

    <p>pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fiber has a relatively high level of myoglobin?

    <p>choice (a) and (b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about adenylate kinase and creatine kinase?

    <p>choice (a) and (b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost tunic of the eye?

    <p>sclera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their proper order of occurrence during muscle contraction, as listed from left to right:

    <ol> <li>ATP induced crossbridge release = 4</li> <li>Exposure of active sites on actin via calcium binding to troponin = 1</li> <li>Crossbridge formation = 2</li> <li>Recovery Stroke = 5</li> <li>ATP hydrolysis by myosin head = 3</li> <li>Power Stroke = 6</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their proper order of occurrence during neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction, as listed from left to right:

    <ol> <li>exocytosis of acetylcholine from the axon terminal = 4</li> <li>acetylcholinesterase destruction of acetylcholine = 3</li> <li>binding of acetylcholine to acetylcholine gated ion channels of the motor endplate = 1</li> <li>opening of voltage gated calcium channels of the axon terminal = 2</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What toxin is used to relax muscles, allowing for intubation during major surgery?

    <p>Curare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What events are caused by ATP levels dropping below threshold values such that myosin heads fuse to the active sites on actin?

    <p>choices (a) and (b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the establishment of a resting membrane potential for either skeletal muscle cells or neurons?

    <p>choices (b) and (c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about action potentials in skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the brain controls consciously planned movements?

    <p>cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the lag or latent period of a muscle fiber twitch that precedes the first crossbridge formations?

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of myogram is used to assess muscle performance and activity by recording the size and density of motor unit activity of a given skeletal muscle over time in milliseconds?

    <p>electromyogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central sulcus separates which two brain regions?

    <p>choices (a) and (d)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What brain region is located between the cerebrum and the midbrain?

    <p>diencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhabits the subarachnoid space?

    <p>cerebral spinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By far, what is the most common neuron type?

    <p>multipolar type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You are a neurologist and are about to meet a patient who recently suffered trauma to the left parietal lobe and has since had marked diminishment in understanding what they are reading and understanding what is being said to them, though they have no problems executing speech, have normal hearing, and normal vision. What would be the best guess as to the location and nature of the damage?

    <p>Wernicke's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of unstimulatable membrane that overlaps the middle to back end of an action potential and imparts directionality to it, ensuring it won't split or reflect back on itself when it reaches the end of an axon?

    <p>the refractory period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inspection of the primary motor cortex homunculus reveals that a disproportionately large number of neurons are dedicated to controlling which part of the body?

    <p>choice (a) and thus controlling muscles requiring the most precise movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You are a psychiatrist treating a patient with a personality disorder, who sustained a traumatic brain injury. Which part of the brain would be most likely to have been damaged to contribute to the personality disorder?

    <p>prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which meningeal layer is the toughest, thickest, and most durable?

    <p>dura mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure, learned about in class, contains proprioceptive stretch receptors?

    <p>Choices (c) and (d) as they both refer to the same collection of joints and that contain stretch receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do gomphoses and syndesmoses have in common?

    <p>are both joints held together by ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of synchondroses? (Select all that apply)

    <p>joint between the ischial, ileum, and pubic contributions of the acetabulum of a 9-year old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is held together with a network of partially calcified periodontal ligaments?

    <p>a gomphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can skeletal muscle cells store in preparation for converting a large amount of chemical energy into kinetic energy (muscle contraction)?

    <p>Choices (b) and (c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true of synovial fluid?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archeologists find a human skull along with other bones in an ancient grave site. All of the cranial bones are fused together via synostoses. What can the archaeologists conclude about the age of the individual at the time of death?

    <p>They can make conclusions, but none of the above as stated are correct conclusions that can be made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sutures (beyond the fontanel stage), synchondroses, gomphoses, and synostoses all have in common that they are what type of joint?

    <p>synarthrotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The occurrence of a "broken hip" in an elderly person is most likely a fracture of which anatomical structure?

    <p>is almost always a fracture of the proximal most portion of the femur (in the vicinity of the intertrochanteric line) and is made more probable by the occurrence of osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Multiple Choice Questions

    • Question 1: Two famously lateralized areas of the cerebral cortex are the auditory association cortex and primary auditory cortex. Another option, choices (a) and (b) are correct

    • Question 2: Glial cells lining the ventricular surfaces of the brain are astrocytes.

    • Question 3: Direct damage to the prefrontal cortex can impair speech execution, despite intact thought processes and word formulation.

    • Question 4: The decussation of the pyramids, a crossing of nerve fibers, occurs in the pons.

    • Question 5: Neurons whose cell bodies reside in the dorsal root ganglion are pseudo-unipolar neurons

    • Question 6: Terminal cisterns are members of a triad containing calcium pumps and voltage-gated calcium channels.

    Sodium Potassium Pump

    • The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase) is also known as sodium potassium ATPase, important for cellular function.

    • It actively transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell for each cycle.

    • The process is electrogenic, meaning it generates a small voltage difference across the cell membrane.

    Toxin BOTOX

    • Botox (botulinum toxin) is pharmaceuticalized for smoothing facial wrinkles.

    • It functions by blocking the release of acetylcholine at nerve synapses, reducing muscle contractions.

    Muscles and Communication

    • Interference with speech execution is often due to damage/disruption in the prefrontal cortex.

    • The resting membrane potential difference within skeletal muscles and neurons is relative.

    Fiber Types

    • Type I fibers are relatively high in myoglobin.

    ATP-Induced Steps

    • ATP-induced crossbridge release, exposure of active sites on actin, crossbridge formation, and recovery are steps in the process ordered in left-to-right.

    Enzymes

    • Adenylate kinase and creatine kinase transfer phosphate groups between molecules during initial muscle function. These are required for the initial 9-10 seconds of cross-bridge cycling to be able to occur.

    Eye Anatomy

    • The sclera is the outer most layer of the eye.

    Proper Orders of Events

    • Acetylcholine release, binding to receptors, opening of channels, and enzyme degradation are processes that occur in that order during muscle contraction.

    Major Surgery

    • Major surgical procedures involving the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities often require muscle relaxation via Botox or Curare for intubation.

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    Practice Test for Fourth Exam Fall 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of neuroscience with this quiz. Covering topics such as brain structure, neuron function, and the sodium-potassium pump, this quiz challenges your understanding of how the nervous system operates. Perfect for students of neuroscience and related fields.

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