Neuroscience Chapter: Action Potentials and CNS

<p>No action potential can be generated because Na+ channels are locked. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes hyperpolarized due to excessive K+ leaving. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain and Spinal Cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormone Regulation and Sleep Control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dopamine and Glutamate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integration of Information from Different Modalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal Ganglia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase Heart Rate and Blood Flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus Accumbens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide metabolic support and protection for neurons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory neuron (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receive signals and trigger excitatory or inhibitory effects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase surface area for synaptic transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To conduct electrical signals to the axon terminals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of a fatty insulation created by layers of glial cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are sites where action potentials are regenerated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Information is converged from multiple sources into a single neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific receptors located on the membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes a negatively charged head and two hydrophobic tails. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bind neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voltage-gated channel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inside of the cell is more negative than the outside (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow ions to move passively along their concentration gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium ions (Na+) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transporter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The membrane is polarized with negative ions inside (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>K+ leaving the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit an 'all or none' response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction that jumps between nodes of Ranvier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can result in graded changes in membrane potential. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain resting membrane potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial Summation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane that perform specific functions like signaling and transport.

Proteins that create channels allowing specific ions to passively move across the membrane.

Ion channels that open in response to signals: ligand-binding or changes in membrane potential.

The electrical charge difference between the inside and outside of a cell, typically around -70 mV.

The unequal distribution of ions inside and outside the cell that contributes to RMP.

The addition or removal of a phosphate group that can change the opening of ion channels.

Small changes in membrane potential that occur in response to stimuli.

A rapid change in voltage across the membrane, allowing for long-distance signal transmission in neurons.

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

The part of the nervous system outside the CNS that connects it to limbs and organs.

The branch of the PNS that controls involuntary functions like heartbeat and digestion.

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight.'

Part of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy and restores the body to a calm state.

A group of structures in the brain involved in emotions, memory, and arousal.

A midbrain structure involved in the reward system and releases dopamine.

A brain structure crucial for forming new memories and learning.

Extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.

Small protrusions on dendrites that increase surface area for synapses.

Long projection that transmits electrical signals away from the soma to axon terminals.

Fatty insulation around axons that speeds up electrical transmission.

Breaks in the myelin sheath where action potentials are regenerated.

End of an axon where neurotransmitters are released into the synapse.

Neural pathways where multiple inputs converge onto one neuron.

Barrier made of phospholipids controlling passage of substances into and out of the neuron.

A protein that moves K+ into and Na+ out of cells, resetting RMP.

A rapid rise and fall in membrane potential, triggered by Na+ influx.

Times when a neuron can't fire (absolute) or can fire with strong stimuli (relative).

AP jumps between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up signal propagation in myelinated neurons.

Small temporary changes in RMP; can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing.

EPSPs make the inside less negative; IPSPs make it more negative.

Combining small local changes to create a larger potential change at the axon hillock.

The process where ions move from high to low concentration areas.

The force that causes oppositely charged ions to attract each other.

The state where K+ ions move equally in and out of the cell.

Cells that provide support, protection, and insulation for neurons.

Includes Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Microglia, and Schwann cells.

Neurons that convert physical stimuli into electrical signals.

Neurons found in the CNS that create circuits for processing information.

Neurons that send signals to muscles for movement.

Includes soma, dendrites, axon, and axon terminal.

The central part of a neuron containing the nucleus.