Neuroscience Chapter 5 Quiz

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What primarily determines the flux of ions across a membrane?

Electrochemical driving force and conductance (correct)

Electrical resistance alone

Concentration gradient only

Only membrane capacitance

What does the Nernst equation help to calculate?

Equilibrium potential for specific ions (correct)

Graded potential magnitude

Resting membrane potential

Action potential threshold

What is the primary function of ion channels?

To generate resting membrane potential

To selectively allow ions to cross the membrane (correct)

To store electrical charge

To increase electrical resistance

What does resistance in the context of membrane properties refer to?

The relative inability of electrical charges to migrate Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes resting membrane potential?

It represents the electrical charge difference across the membrane at rest. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which the brain controls the body?

Electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movement?

Somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is an action potential?

The brief reversal of membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

Which system includes both the brain and the spinal cord?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes organic electrochemical neurons from wire conductors?

Organic neurons involve chemical processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the autonomic nervous system?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of synapses in the nervous system?

To transmit signals between neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of action potentials in nerve impulses?

They propagate signals along neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the flocculonodular lobe?

Balance and vestibular function Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains Purkinje cells?

Purkinje cell layer Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is associated with lesions in the vestibulocerebellum?

Loss of equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fiber is an afferent to the cerebellum?

Mossy fibers Signup and view all the answers

What motor deficit is characterized by a loss of smooth and coordinated movements?

Ataxia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the reticular formation?

Regulation of blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which descending motor pathway specifically controls distal muscles?

Corticospinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What reflex is responsible for stabilizing gaze during head movement?

Vestibulo-ocular reflex Signup and view all the answers

The primary motor cortex is associated with which of the following?

Control of voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the brain stem?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of muscle control do the medial motor pathways primarily oversee?

Control of posture Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in the preparation for and planning of exercise?

Premotor area Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic function of the ascending reticular activating system?

Arousal and attention Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the propagation of action potentials in myelinated fibers?

Saltatory conduction Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the action potential is characterized by the influx of sodium ions?

Depolarization Signup and view all the answers

How is the length constant defined in relation to electrotonic signals?

The distance over which a signal falls to 37% of its initial value Signup and view all the answers

What does the threshold refer to in the context of action potentials?

The minimum depolarization needed to trigger an action potential Signup and view all the answers

What kind of receptors are glutamate receptors classified as?

Ionotropic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic behavior of action potentials described by 'all-or-none'?

They either occur fully or not at all when the threshold is reached Signup and view all the answers

What property of the cell membrane is represented by the time constant?

The resistance and capacitance of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the local response conducted to the trigger zone of the neuron?

Electrotonic conduction Signup and view all the answers

In chemical synapses, what role do neurotransmitters play?

Transmit signals between neurons Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes voltage-gated K+ channels from voltage-gated Na+ channels?

K+ channels contribute to repolarization after depolarization Signup and view all the answers