Neuroscience: Brain Stem and Spinal Cord Quiz

True (A)

They originate in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem and are involved in voluntary motor control.

<p>dorsal root ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CN III = Midbrain CN V = Pons CN IX = Medulla Oblongata CN XII = Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long tracts and short tracts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control of level of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vestibular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>L4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oculomotor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produced by the inferior olivary nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ventral median fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gray matter sits internal to the white matter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglossal = Between pyramid and olive Abducent = Between pons and pyramid Trigeminal = Middle of ventrolateral pons Facial = Cerebellopontine angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glossopharyngeal (9th) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglossal triangle, Vagal triangle, Vestibular area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trochlear nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior colliculi = Visual reflexes Inferior colliculi = Auditory pathway Hypoglossal nucleus = Tongue movement Dorsal vagal nucleus = Visceral functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial Nerve III and IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

<h1>=</h1> <h1>=</h1> Signup and view all the answers

The white matter of the spinal cord contains short and long tracts. Short tracts connect different segments of the spinal cord, while long tracts connect the spinal cord to higher brain centers. The white matter is divided into three columns: dorsal, lateral, and ventral.

Ascending tracts carry sensory information from the body to the brain. Descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain to the muscles.

The brain stem is the lower part of the brain that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord. It consists of three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

The brain stem sits on the basilar part of the occipital bone, specifically on a structure called the clivus.

Cerebellar peduncles are three bundles of nerve fibers that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem. These peduncles are named superior, middle, and inferior based on their position.

The brain stem serves as a pathway for tracts connecting the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. It also controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Lumbar puncture involves inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space between L3 and L4 vertebrae to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or inject drugs.

Cranial nerves emerge from the brain stem. They carry information to and from the head and neck, controlling functions like sight, hearing, taste, and facial movement.

A bulge on the upper part of the fasciculus gracilis in the medulla oblongata, marking the location of the gracile nucleus.

A bulge on the upper part of the fasciculus cuneatus in the medulla oblongata, marking the location of the cuneate nucleus.

The fourth ventricle of the brain, located in the brainstem, is marked by an inverted V-shaped sulcus on each side, dividing it into three regions. These regions are the hypoglossal triangle, the vagal triangle, and the vestibular area.

A section of the fourth ventricle that overlies the hypoglossal nucleus. It is located medially.

A section of the fourth ventricle that overlies the dorsal vagal nucleus. It is located in the middle.

A section of the fourth ventricle that overlies the vestibular nuclei. It is located laterally.

A small rounded elevation in the pons that overlies the abducens nucleus, located near the facial colliculus.

Two small elevations in the midbrain which play a role in visual reflexes.

A group of nuclei and related fibers involved in regulating consciousness, pain perception, and cardiovascular/respiratory functions.

The continuation of the ventral median fissure of the spinal cord, dividing the medulla into two halves. Its lower part is marked by the crossing over of most pyramidal fibers.

An elevation on either side of the ventral median fissure, formed by the corticospinal tract, responsible for carrying motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord.

An elevation lateral to the pyramid, formed by the inferior olivary nucleus, involved in coordinating movements and learning.

These fibers originate from the pontine nuclei and cross the midline to connect with the cerebellum, coordinating movement and balance.

A groove on the ventral surface of the pons, housing the basilar artery which supplies blood to the brain stem.

A large column of descending fibers on either side of the midbrain, separated by the interpeduncular fossa, carrying motor commands from the brain.

The central canal of the medulla, a continuation of the central canal of the spinal cord, filled with cerebrospinal fluid.