Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three components of neurons?
What are the three components of neurons?
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
During an action potential, which ion enters the neuron first?
During an action potential, which ion enters the neuron first?
What is the small gap between two neurons where communication occurs called?
What is the small gap between two neurons where communication occurs called?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is known as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
Which neurotransmitter is known as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the fight or flight response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in mood regulation and sleep cycles?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in mood regulation and sleep cycles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is associated with Alzheimer's disease due to a decrease in its secreting neurons?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with Alzheimer's disease due to a decrease in its secreting neurons?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is known as the 'feel good' neurotransmitter?
Which neurotransmitter is known as the 'feel good' neurotransmitter?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory and involved in learning and memory?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily excitatory and involved in learning and memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle movement and autonomic functions?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle movement and autonomic functions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, and digestion?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of mood, appetite, and digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and memory?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the prevention of seizures by inhibiting excessive neuronal firing?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the prevention of seizures by inhibiting excessive neuronal firing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in pain perception and mood regulation?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in pain perception and mood regulation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the fight-or-flight response and increases heart rate and blood pressure?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the fight-or-flight response and increases heart rate and blood pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the calming effect and reduction in anxiety?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the calming effect and reduction in anxiety?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of muscle tone and sleep cycles?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the regulation of muscle tone and sleep cycles?
Signup and view all the answers
Neurons generate and conduct electrical and chemical impulses by selectively changing the electrical potential of their plasma membranes and influencing other nearby neurons by the release of neurotransmitters. (True or false)
Neurons generate and conduct electrical and chemical impulses by selectively changing the electrical potential of their plasma membranes and influencing other nearby neurons by the release of neurotransmitters. (True or false)
Signup and view all the answers
During an action potential, neurons send information down the axon, and this action potential is created by a depolarizing current. (T or F)
During an action potential, neurons send information down the axon, and this action potential is created by a depolarizing current. (T or F)
Signup and view all the answers
When the depolarization reaches around -55 millivolts, neurons will fire an action potential. The main ions involved are sodium and potassium.
When the depolarization reaches around -55 millivolts, neurons will fire an action potential. The main ions involved are sodium and potassium.
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common prenatal stressor that increases the risk of developing schizophrenia?
What is a common prenatal stressor that increases the risk of developing schizophrenia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a neuroanatomic alteration commonly seen in individuals with schizophrenia? (SATA)
Which of the following is a neuroanatomic alteration commonly seen in individuals with schizophrenia? (SATA)
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter dysregulation is associated with schizophrenia and involves altered levels that decrease more rapidly with age?
Which neurotransmitter dysregulation is associated with schizophrenia and involves altered levels that decrease more rapidly with age?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (SATA)
What are some positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (SATA)
Signup and view all the answers
What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply)
What are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
What pharmacologic management options are used for schizophrenia? (Select all that apply)
What pharmacologic management options are used for schizophrenia? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two categories of mood disorders?
What are the two categories of mood disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of bipolar I disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bipolar I disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the heritability percentage of major depressive disorder?
What is the heritability percentage of major depressive disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitters are initially thought to be the main ones involved in major depressive disorder?
Which neurotransmitters are initially thought to be the main ones involved in major depressive disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the secretion of ACTH in the anterior pituitary?
Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the secretion of ACTH in the anterior pituitary?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major stress hormone that is involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?
What is a major stress hormone that is involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which tool is commonly used to assess the severity of depression?
Which tool is commonly used to assess the severity of depression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is considered the first-line therapy for bipolar disorder?
Which medication is considered the first-line therapy for bipolar disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of therapy is especially effective in combination with stabilized anti-psychotic medications for schizophrenia?
Which type of therapy is especially effective in combination with stabilized anti-psychotic medications for schizophrenia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common environmental factor that can contribute to major depressive disorder? (SATA)
Which of the following is a common environmental factor that can contribute to major depressive disorder? (SATA)
Signup and view all the answers
What is the concordance rate for bipolar disorder in identical twins?
What is the concordance rate for bipolar disorder in identical twins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with bipolar disorder?
Which neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with bipolar disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypomanic episodes in Bipolar II disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypomanic episodes in Bipolar II disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
SATA: Which of these are clinical manifestations of manic episodes in Bipolar I disorder?
SATA: Which of these are clinical manifestations of manic episodes in Bipolar I disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following methods can be used to manage bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following methods can be used to manage bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter imbalances contribute to anxiety disorders? (Select all that apply)
Which neurotransmitter imbalances contribute to anxiety disorders? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by recurring, severe panic attacks?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by recurring, severe panic attacks?
Signup and view all the answers
Which tool is helpful in assessing the severity of anxiety in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Which tool is helpful in assessing the severity of anxiety in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common treatment for Panic Disorder?
Which of the following is a common treatment for Panic Disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What brain changes occur in PTSD? (SATA)
What brain changes occur in PTSD? (SATA)
Signup and view all the answers
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by exposure to a stressful or terrifying event and includes symptoms such as intrusive flashbacks and nightmares?
Which anxiety disorder is characterized by exposure to a stressful or terrifying event and includes symptoms such as intrusive flashbacks and nightmares?
Signup and view all the answers
Which anxiety disorder involves repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or compulsions?
Which anxiety disorder involves repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or compulsions?
Signup and view all the answers
What other mental disorders are associated with OCD? (Select all that apply)
What other mental disorders are associated with OCD? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
What medications are commonly used to treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
What medications are commonly used to treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin?
Which medication is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin?
Which medication is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of medication should be avoided in patients with dementia due to an increased rate of mortality?
Which type of medication should be avoided in patients with dementia due to an increased rate of mortality?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of medication is administered every 2-6 weeks and reduces the likelihood of relapse in patients with schizophrenia?
Which type of medication is administered every 2-6 weeks and reduces the likelihood of relapse in patients with schizophrenia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of medication works by enhancing the response to GABA and is used for short-term relief of anxiety?
Which type of medication works by enhancing the response to GABA and is used for short-term relief of anxiety?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is often used with SSRIs/SNRIs for chronic anxiety and has no CNS depressant effects or abuse potential?
Which medication is often used with SSRIs/SNRIs for chronic anxiety and has no CNS depressant effects or abuse potential?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antiseizure medication is used for bipolar disorder and is less effective at treating and preventing depression compared to lithium?
Which antiseizure medication is used for bipolar disorder and is less effective at treating and preventing depression compared to lithium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is considered the first-line therapy for bipolar disorder and requires regular monitoring of blood levels?
Which medication is considered the first-line therapy for bipolar disorder and requires regular monitoring of blood levels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is used for depression and sometimes OCD and anxiety, and works by increasing the release of serotonin and norepinephrine?
Which medication is used for depression and sometimes OCD and anxiety, and works by increasing the release of serotonin and norepinephrine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is used for smoking cessation and has an unclear mechanism of action?
Which medication is used for smoking cessation and has an unclear mechanism of action?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of antidepressant works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine?
Which type of antidepressant works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is considered the most effective agent for schizophrenia but is used for patients who have not responded to safer alternatives due to its side effects?
Which medication is considered the most effective agent for schizophrenia but is used for patients who have not responded to safer alternatives due to its side effects?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of drug is used to block receptors for both dopamine and serotonin?
Which type of drug is used to block receptors for both dopamine and serotonin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication mimics endorphins by binding to opioid receptors, providing pain relief?
Which medication mimics endorphins by binding to opioid receptors, providing pain relief?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication prevents the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase?
Which medication prevents the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) primarily used to treat?
What are Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) primarily used to treat?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) used to treat?
What are Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) used to treat?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the clinical manifestations of serotonin syndrome? (Select all that apply)
What are the clinical manifestations of serotonin syndrome? (Select all that apply)
Signup and view all the answers
What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)?
What is Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication blocks the reuptake of serotonin into presynaptic neurons, increasing its availability in the synaptic cleft?
Which medication blocks the reuptake of serotonin into presynaptic neurons, increasing its availability in the synaptic cleft?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the 4 types of extrapyramidal symptoms seen in the use of First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs)?
What are the 4 types of extrapyramidal symptoms seen in the use of First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs)?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient is experiencing dry mouth, blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, and menstrual irregularities. What type of antipsychotic drug is causing these adverse effects?
A patient is experiencing dry mouth, blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, and menstrual irregularities. What type of antipsychotic drug is causing these adverse effects?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication inhibits the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, leading to muscle relaxation?
Which medication inhibits the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, leading to muscle relaxation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication is used to increase dopamine synthesis in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Which medication is used to increase dopamine synthesis in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of drug is used to block dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine to varying degrees?
Which type of drug is used to block dopamine, acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine to varying degrees?
Signup and view all the answers
