25 Questions
What is the direction of movement in active transport?
From area of low concentration to area of high concentration
What is required for active transport to occur?
Energy
What is the purpose of active transport?
To move substances from low to high concentration
Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?
Movement from low to high concentration
What is the opposite of active transport?
Passive transport
What is the basic mechanism for eliciting action potentials in nerves?
Chemical gating
What causes a conformational change in the protein molecule that opens or closes the gate?
Binding of a chemical substance
What is the result of the binding of a chemical substance with the protein channel gate?
A conformational change in the protein molecule that opens or closes the gate
What type of gating is described in the text?
Chemical (ligand) gating
What is the role of the protein channel gate in nerve function?
To regulate the flow of ions
What is the term for the phenomenon where a carrier serves as an attachment point for both a sodium ion and a substance to be transported?
Co-transport
What is the role of the carrier in co-transport?
To serve as an attachment point for both the sodium ion and the substance to be co-transported
What type of transport does co-transport belong to?
Secondary active transport
What is the significance of the sodium ion in co-transport?
It serves as a binding site for the carrier
What is the result of the carrier binding to both the sodium ion and the substance to be co-transported?
The substance is transported into the cell
What is the primary reason for sodium ions attempting to diffuse into the cell?
Large concentration gradient
What is the direction of sodium ion movement in secondary active transport?
Into the cell
What type of transport is described in the content?
Secondary active transport
What is the term for the movement of sodium ions out of the cell?
Counter-transport
What is the driving force behind the movement of sodium ions in secondary active transport?
Concentration gradient
What is the type of transport that requires energy?
Active transport
Which transport process involves the engulfment of solid particles?
Phagocytosis
What is the term for the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
Osmosis
Which process involves the release of molecules from a cell?
Exocytosis
What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy?
Passive transport
Study Notes
Mechanism of Action Potentials in Nerves
- The basic mechanism for eliciting action potentials in nerves involves chemical (ligand) gating, where protein channel gates are opened by the binding of a chemical substance, causing a conformational change in the protein molecule.
Active Transport
- Active transport is the movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy.
- Co-transport is a form of secondary active transport, where the carrier serves as an attachment point for both the sodium ion and the substance to be co-transported.
Types of Cell Membrane Transport
- Simple diffusion: a type of passive transport
- Facilitated diffusion: a type of passive transport
- Osmosis: a type of passive transport
- Pinocytosis: a type of endocytosis
- Phagocytosis: a type of endocytosis
- Exocytosis: a type of active transport
- Primary active transport: uses a pump to transport substances
- Secondary active transport: uses a carrier to transport substances
Secondary Active Transport
- Counter-transport: sodium ions attempt to diffuse to the interior of the cell due to their large concentration gradient, and the carrier serves as an attachment point for both the sodium ion and the substance to be co-transported.
Explore the mechanisms behind action potentials in nerves, including chemical gating and protein channel gates. Learn how conformational changes in protein molecules open or close gates, leading to action potentials.
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