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Questions and Answers
Which of the following can pass through the blood-brain barrier?
What can disrupt the blood-brain barrier?
What is the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen used to express?
What is the average cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen?
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Which substances are limited in their passage through the blood-brain barrier?
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What is the topic of the presentation?
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Which type of solution should be avoided in patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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What is the recommended solution to use in patients with increased ICP?
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What is the maximum serum glucose level that should be avoided in patients with TBI?
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Why are colloids usually not recommended in patients with TBI?
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What is the purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score?
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What is the maximum possible score on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
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Which equation represents cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
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What is the primary energy source for the brain?
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What is the most potent regulator of cerebral blood flow (CBF)?
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What is the approximate percentage of total body oxygen consumption utilized by the brain?
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What is the equation for calculating cerebral blood flow (CBF) change with respect to change in pCO2?
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What is the range of mean arterial pressure (MAP) that generally maintains consistent cerebral blood flow?
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Which type of hematoma is caused by a middle meningeal artery tear?
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What is the main symptom of a stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory?
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Which phase of morbidity and mortality in subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with rebleed?
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Which disease is characterized by increased intracranial pressure and symptoms of headache and visual disturbances?
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Which neurologic disorder is both an upper and lower motor neuron disease?
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What triggers hypokalemic periodic paralysis?
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Which of the following can cause an increase in cerebral blood flow?
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What factors determine intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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How can small increases in one component of ICP be compensated?
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Which of the following are signs of increased ICP?
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What can rapid rises in ICP lead to?
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What is the definition of transmural pressure?
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Study Notes
Neuropharmacology and Neurological Monitoring
- Cerebral blood flow can increase with hypoventilation, hypercarbia, hypothermia, and certain medications.
- Cerebral blood flow can decrease with hyperventilation, hypocarbia, hypotension, and certain medications.
- Intracranial pressure (ICP) is determined by brain tissue, intracranial blood volume, and cerebrospinal fluid volume.
- Small increases in one component of ICP can be compensated by displacing cerebrospinal fluid or decreasing total cerebral blood volume.
- Signs of increased ICP include headache, vomiting, cognitive changes, papilledema, and cranial nerve palsies.
- Rapid rises in ICP can occur with small changes in volume, approaching a critical point on the pressure-volume curve.
- Transmural pressure is defined by mean arterial pressure minus ICP and can lead to aneurysm rupture if increased.
- Temperature affects cerebral blood flow and metabolic consumption of oxygen, with a decrease in both with decreasing temperature.
- Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the choroid plexus and is absorbed back into the blood through arachnoid granulations.
- There are different types of cerebral edema, including cytotoxic, vasogenic, osmotic, and interstitial edema.
- The autonomic nervous system regulates cerebral blood flow, with acetylcholine and norepinephrine as key neurotransmitters.
- Neuropharmacology keywords include inhaled anesthetics, IV anesthetics, vasodilators, diuretics, magnesium, and neuromuscular blockers.
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Description
Test your knowledge on neuropharmacology and neurological monitoring with this quiz. Learn about cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, signs of increased ICP, temperature effects, cerebral edema, and the autonomic nervous system. Keywords include inhaled anesthetics, IV anesthetics, vasodilators, diuretics, magnesium, and neuromuscular blockers.
