Peripheral Neuropathies
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism contributing to diabetic neuropathy?

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Increased peripheral nerve blood flow
  • Hyperglycemia-induced metabolic changes (correct)
  • Decreased oxidative stress
  • Which factor is NOT typically associated with vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy?

  • Hyperthyroidism (correct)
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Impaired absorption
  • Dietary deficiencies
  • Which type of neuropathy is predominantly induced by chemotherapy?

  • Diabetic neuropathy
  • Hypothyroid neuropathy
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy
  • Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (correct)
  • What hormonal imbalance is primarily linked to peripheral neuropathy in hypothyroidism?

    <p>Decreased thyroid hormone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microbial infection is NOT associated with the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy?

    <p>Hepatitis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does alcoholism contribute to the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy?

    <p>Causes oxidative stress and nutrient deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major deficit is typically observed with motor nerve impairment?

    <p>Diminished reflex responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes neuronopathy?

    <p>Ganglion cells are predominantly affected leading to widespread sensory deficits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with impairment of larger sensory fibers?

    <p>Reduced ability to feel touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from autonomic nerve impairment?

    <p>Loss of control over bowel and bladder functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the perineurium at the subarachnoid angle?

    <p>To provide a protective barrier and encase nerve roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of peripheral neuropathy?

    <p>Severe neurological pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layers become continuous with the pia mater at the junction with the spinal cord?

    <p>Outer layers of the root sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition might lead to reduced ability to feel touch and decreased overall sensation?

    <p>Sensory Neuronopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of both motor and sensory nerve impairment?

    <p>Muscular weakness or spasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the endoneurium is particularly significant for nerve health?

    <p>It contains blood vessels supplying nutrients to nerve fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Impairment of small fibers primarily affects which types of sensations?

    <p>Pain and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature enhances the vulnerability of nerves to compression?

    <p>Narrow spaces such as foramina and tunnels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is specifically linked to autonomic nerve impairment?

    <p>Heat intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific nerves are highlighted as being at risk of entrapment in constricted areas?

    <p>Median and ulnar nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to affect the blood vessels within the endoneurium?

    <p>Diseases that lead to vascular susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of peripheral neuropathy symptoms?

    <p>Widespread sensory and proprioceptive deficits that do not follow a dermatome pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the arachnoid become continuous with the outer layers during its passage?

    <p>At the subarachnoid angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge for nerve fibers as they travel?

    <p>Transiting narrow anatomical spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the reflection of the arachnoid contribute to at the subarachnoid angle?

    <p>It continues into the outer layers of the root sheath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) leading to shingles?

    <p>Impaired cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the clinical manifestations associated with Lyme disease?

    <p>Facial palsy is a common manifestation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is proposed to lead to peripheral neuropathies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?

    <p>Cryoglobulin deposition in vasa nervorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the disseminated phase of Lyme disease, which triad of symptoms can be expected?

    <p>Cranial nerve palsies, radiculitis, and aseptic meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a proposed immune-mediated mechanism related to the neuropathies seen in hepatitis B and C infections?

    <p>Production of antibodies and immune complexes attacking peripheral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Stocking-and-glove pattern of sensory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is primarily associated with the production of antibodies leading to vitamin B12 deficiency?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does vitamin B12 play in nerve function?

    <p>It acts as a coenzyme for methionine synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can result in vitamin B12 deficiency due to dietary restrictions?

    <p>Vegetarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does vitamin B12 deficiency have on homocysteine levels?

    <p>Increases homocysteine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The accumulation of methylmalonyl-CoA due to vitamin B12 deficiency can result in what kind of neurological damage?

    <p>Abnormal myelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can trigger vitamin B12 deficiency aside from dietary causes?

    <p>Use of histamine-2 blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be associated with diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Persistent muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitrous oxide exposure can lead to deficiency in which vitamin recognized for its role in neurological health?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy includes which of the following?

    <p>Cognitive disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

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