Peripheral Neuropathies

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism contributing to diabetic neuropathy?

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Increased peripheral nerve blood flow

Hyperglycemia-induced metabolic changes (correct)

Decreased oxidative stress

Which factor is NOT typically associated with vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy?

Hyperthyroidism (correct)

Pernicious anemia

Impaired absorption

Dietary deficiencies

Which type of neuropathy is predominantly induced by chemotherapy?

Diabetic neuropathy

Hypothyroid neuropathy

Vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (correct)

What hormonal imbalance is primarily linked to peripheral neuropathy in hypothyroidism?

Decreased thyroid hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

Which microbial infection is NOT associated with the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy?

Hepatitis A Signup and view all the answers

How does alcoholism contribute to the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy?

Causes oxidative stress and nutrient deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What major deficit is typically observed with motor nerve impairment?

Diminished reflex responses Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes neuronopathy?

Ganglion cells are predominantly affected leading to widespread sensory deficits. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with impairment of larger sensory fibers?

Reduced ability to feel touch Signup and view all the answers

What can result from autonomic nerve impairment?

Loss of control over bowel and bladder functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the perineurium at the subarachnoid angle?

To provide a protective barrier and encase nerve roots Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of peripheral neuropathy?

Severe neurological pain Signup and view all the answers

Which layers become continuous with the pia mater at the junction with the spinal cord?

Outer layers of the root sheath Signup and view all the answers

Which condition might lead to reduced ability to feel touch and decreased overall sensation?

Sensory Neuronopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indicator of both motor and sensory nerve impairment?

Muscular weakness or spasticity Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the endoneurium is particularly significant for nerve health?

It contains blood vessels supplying nutrients to nerve fibers. Signup and view all the answers

Impairment of small fibers primarily affects which types of sensations?

Pain and temperature Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature enhances the vulnerability of nerves to compression?

Narrow spaces such as foramina and tunnels Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is specifically linked to autonomic nerve impairment?

Heat intolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which specific nerves are highlighted as being at risk of entrapment in constricted areas?

Median and ulnar nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely to affect the blood vessels within the endoneurium?

Diseases that lead to vascular susceptibility Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of peripheral neuropathy symptoms?

Widespread sensory and proprioceptive deficits that do not follow a dermatome pattern Signup and view all the answers

Where does the arachnoid become continuous with the outer layers during its passage?

At the subarachnoid angle Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge for nerve fibers as they travel?

Transiting narrow anatomical spaces Signup and view all the answers

What does the reflection of the arachnoid contribute to at the subarachnoid angle?

It continues into the outer layers of the root sheath. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) leading to shingles?

Impaired cell-mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the clinical manifestations associated with Lyme disease?

Facial palsy is a common manifestation. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is proposed to lead to peripheral neuropathies in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection?

Cryoglobulin deposition in vasa nervorum Signup and view all the answers

During the disseminated phase of Lyme disease, which triad of symptoms can be expected?

Cranial nerve palsies, radiculitis, and aseptic meningitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a proposed immune-mediated mechanism related to the neuropathies seen in hepatitis B and C infections?

Production of antibodies and immune complexes attacking peripheral nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical feature of diabetic neuropathy?

Stocking-and-glove pattern of sensory loss Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily associated with the production of antibodies leading to vitamin B12 deficiency?

Pernicious anemia Signup and view all the answers

What role does vitamin B12 play in nerve function?

It acts as a coenzyme for methionine synthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can result in vitamin B12 deficiency due to dietary restrictions?

Vegetarianism Signup and view all the answers

What effect does vitamin B12 deficiency have on homocysteine levels?

Increases homocysteine levels Signup and view all the answers

The accumulation of methylmalonyl-CoA due to vitamin B12 deficiency can result in what kind of neurological damage?

Abnormal myelination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can trigger vitamin B12 deficiency aside from dietary causes?

Use of histamine-2 blockers Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least likely to be associated with diabetic neuropathy?

Persistent muscle spasms Signup and view all the answers

Nitrous oxide exposure can lead to deficiency in which vitamin recognized for its role in neurological health?

Vitamin B12 Signup and view all the answers

One of the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy includes which of the following?

Cognitive disturbances Signup and view all the answers