Biopsychology Chapter 6 Final

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the retina is responsible for high-acuity vision?

Bipolar layer

Amacrine cell layer

Horizontal cell layer

Receptor layer (correct)

Which part of the eye regulates the size of the pupil?

Retina

Iris (correct)

Optic disk

Lens

Which term refers to the difference in perspective between the two eyes?

Receptor layer

Optic disk

Amacrine cell layer

Binocular disparity (correct)

What is the function of the lens in the eye?

Focuses light on the retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the blind spot in the eye?

Optic disk Signup and view all the answers

What is the compromise in the size of the pupil?

Between sensitivity and acuity Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the fovea in the retina?

Indentation at the center Signup and view all the answers

Which type of striate cell responds best to bars or edges?

Simple striate cells Signup and view all the answers

According to Hubel and Wiesel, how are neurons organized in the primary visual cortex?

Vertically Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the dorsal and ventral streams in visual processing?

Dorsal stream is responsible for behavioral control, while ventral stream is responsible for conscious perception Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the secondary visual cortex?

Receives input from the primary visual cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the Young and Helmholtz trichromatic theory of color vision?

The ratio of cones activated at a specific spectrum creates color differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between simple striate cells and complex striate cells?

Simple striate cells respond best to bars or edges, while complex striate cells respond best to straight lines of particular orientation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Retinex theory propose about the color of an object?

The color of an object is determined by the reflectance of the object Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vision is characterized by high acuity and low sensitivity with few receptors?

Photopic vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between photopic and scotopic vision?

Photopic vision has high acuity and low sensitivity, while scotopic vision has low acuity and high sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of saccades in eye movement?

They integrate temporal information Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transduction in visual perception?

The conversion of energy into neural signals Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the retinotopic organization of the visual cortex?

The surface of the visual cortex is a map of the retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of receptive fields in the retina-geniculate-striate system?

They respond best to fully illuminated 'on' area Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is specifically dedicated to facial recognition?

Fusiform face area Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to recognize faces?

Prosopagnosia Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with damage causing prosopagnosia?

Fusiform face area Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the deficiency in the ability to see smooth movement?

Akinetopsia Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with damage causing akinetopsia?

Medial temporal area Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to recognize visual stimuli that are visually similar?

Agnosia Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with damage causing agnosia?

Agnosia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to consciously recognize faces?

Prosopagnosia Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is associated with damage causing motion blindness?

MT Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Retina and Vision

The fovea, located in the retina, is responsible for high-acuity vision, containing densely packed cones.
The iris regulates the size of the pupil, controlling the amount of light entering the eye.
Binocular disparity refers to the difference in perspective between the two eyes.
The lens focuses light onto the retina, allowing for clear images.
The blind spot is an area in the retina devoid of photoreceptors where the optic nerve exits, resulting in no visual information.
A compromise in pupil size balances light intake with depth of field, affecting focus and clarity.

Visual Processing Systems

Dorsal and ventral streams differ in function: the dorsal stream ("where" pathway) processes spatial awareness; the ventral stream ("what" pathway) processes object recognition.
The secondary visual cortex integrates and interprets information from the primary visual cortex.
Young and Helmholtz's trichromatic theory explains color vision through three types of cone photoreceptors sensitive to different wavelengths (red, green, blue).

Neuronal Structure and Function

Simple striate cells respond primarily to bars or edges, while complex striate cells process movements and are less sensitive to the position of stimuli.
Retinex theory proposes that the perceived color of an object remains consistent under varying lighting conditions.
Photopic vision is characterized by high acuity and low sensitivity, relying on cone receptors; scotopic vision, in contrast, involves rod receptors, providing lower acuity but higher sensitivity in low light.

Eye Movements and Transduction

Saccades are rapid eye movements that reposition the line of sight, enhancing visual attention and focus.
Transduction in visual perception involves converting light stimuli into electrical signals by photoreceptors.

Brain and Vision

The primary visual cortex processes visual information, featuring a retinotopic organization where different areas correspond to specific regions in the visual field.
Receptive fields in the retina-geniculate-striate system demonstrate center-surround organization, responding to contrasts.

Visual Recognition and Disorders

The fusiform face area is specifically dedicated to facial recognition, playing a vital role in identifying individuals.
Prosopagnosia is the term for the inability to recognize faces, often associated with damage to the fusiform gyrus.
Akinetopsia refers to the deficiency in perceiving smooth movement, typically resulting from damage to the motion-processing area of the brain.
Agnosia describes the inability to recognize visually similar stimuli due to brain damage affecting visual processing pathways.
Motion blindness is the inability to consciously recognize movement, associated with damage to specific visual processing areas.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the organization and receptive fields of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Learn about different types of striate cells and their responses to visual stimuli. Explore the conclusions drawn by Hubel and Wiesel regarding the organization of neurons in the visual cortex.