40 Questions
Why is understanding the structure and function of a 'normal' cell important?
To begin understanding pathophysiology
What is a key role of epithelial cells in the body?
Transporting filtered materials through active-transport systems
In what ways can injury to cellular components lead to disease?
By inducing cell dysfunction or death
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial cells?
Providing structural support
What role do connective tissue cells play in diseases like Marfan syndrome or Rheumatoid arthritis?
Promoting inflammation and affecting joint health
Which disease is primarily associated with neural cells?
Parkinson's disease
What is the function of the basal surface of epithelial cells?
Providing structural support to surrounding tissues
Which of the following is an example of a disease primarily targeting epithelial cells?
"Peptic ulcers"
Which cells are critical for wound healing?
Fibroblasts
What is the main function of connective tissue cells?
Supporting body structures
Which proteins are two major components of connective tissue?
Collagen & Elastin
What type of muscle is characterized by being involuntary?
Smooth Muscle
What stain is used to visualize collagen in tissues?
Picrosirius red stain
Which diseases involve abnormal immune activity and inflammation targeted at connective tissue?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Where is cardiac muscle predominantly found?
Heart
What cellular component is important for maintaining the structural framework of tissues?
Fibroblasts
What is the limiting factor for the diffusion of molecules across cell membranes?
Phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane
Which proteins control the diffusion of solutes across the cell membrane?
Transport proteins
How does dietary salt overload affect the total extracellular fluid (ECF) solute concentration?
Increases ECF solute concentration
What is osmosis defined as?
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
What does tonicity refer to in relation to an extracellular solution?
The ability to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis
Why is sodium considered a prime determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?
Sodium impacts the total concentration of solutes in ECF
What is osmolarity defined as?
Total concentration of all solutes in a solution
"Water follows salt!" explains which phenomenon related to fluid distribution?
Relationship between sodium and water balance
What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?
Initiate, integrate and conduct electrical signals to other cells
Which disease is characterized by muscle cell dysfunction and affects individuals like Lou Gehrig's Disease?
Atrophy
What is the function of the cell membrane in cells?
Detect chemical signals from other cells
Which statement about fluid compartments in the body is correct?
Interstisial plasma volume makes up 80% of extracellular fluid
What is a characteristic of involuntary muscles in the body?
Lack control over their movement by will
What is a common feature of diseases like Multiple Sclerosis and Stroke?
Affecting neurons or nerve cells
Which ion is found in higher concentration in intracellular fluid compared to extracellular fluid?
$K^+$
How do membranes contribute to the body?
Separate or compartmentalize ions and molecules
What type of solution is 0.9% saline solution?
Isotonic
In which direction does water move when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?
Out of the cell
Which process involves increasing or decreasing the number of active receptors on the cell surface?
Cell Regulation
What is the function of graded potentials in neurons?
Initiate action potentials
Which type of signal communication involves autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and neuroendocrine signaling?
Chemical signaling
What is the movement of ions across the cell membrane primarily dependent on?
Concentration gradient
In an electrical communication system, what is the role of neurons/nerves concerning signal transmission?
Carrying electrical signals
What happens to the resting membrane potential when a neuron hyperpolarizes?
It increases
Test your knowledge on diseases affecting neurons and muscle cells such as Lou Gehrig’s Disease, Muscular Dystrophy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's. Understand the impact of dysfunction in neurons and muscle cells on musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and other bodily processes.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
