Neurons and Muscle Cells Diseases Quiz

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Why is understanding the structure and function of a 'normal' cell important?

To begin understanding pathophysiology (correct)

To provide sensory information

To replicate often to replace damaged cells

To communicate between cells, tissues, and systems

What is a key role of epithelial cells in the body?

Replicating often to replace damaged or dead cells

Transporting filtered materials through active-transport systems (correct)

Providing sensory information to the body

Absorbing ions and organic molecules

In what ways can injury to cellular components lead to disease?

By repairing the damage through innervation

By causing cell replication

By enhancing sensory information processing

By inducing cell dysfunction or death (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial cells?

Providing structural support Signup and view all the answers

What role do connective tissue cells play in diseases like Marfan syndrome or Rheumatoid arthritis?

Promoting inflammation and affecting joint health Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is primarily associated with neural cells?

Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basal surface of epithelial cells?

Providing structural support to surrounding tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a disease primarily targeting epithelial cells?

"Peptic ulcers" Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are critical for wound healing?

Fibroblasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of connective tissue cells?

Supporting body structures Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are two major components of connective tissue?

Collagen & Elastin Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is characterized by being involuntary?

Smooth Muscle Signup and view all the answers

What stain is used to visualize collagen in tissues?

Picrosirius red stain Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases involve abnormal immune activity and inflammation targeted at connective tissue?

Rheumatoid Arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Where is cardiac muscle predominantly found?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

What cellular component is important for maintaining the structural framework of tissues?

Fibroblasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the limiting factor for the diffusion of molecules across cell membranes?

Phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins control the diffusion of solutes across the cell membrane?

Transport proteins Signup and view all the answers

How does dietary salt overload affect the total extracellular fluid (ECF) solute concentration?

Increases ECF solute concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is osmosis defined as?

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

What does tonicity refer to in relation to an extracellular solution?

The ability to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Why is sodium considered a prime determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume?

Sodium impacts the total concentration of solutes in ECF Signup and view all the answers

What is osmolarity defined as?

Total concentration of all solutes in a solution Signup and view all the answers

"Water follows salt!" explains which phenomenon related to fluid distribution?

Relationship between sodium and water balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of neurons in the nervous system?

Initiate, integrate and conduct electrical signals to other cells Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by muscle cell dysfunction and affects individuals like Lou Gehrig's Disease?

Atrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane in cells?

Detect chemical signals from other cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about fluid compartments in the body is correct?

Interstisial plasma volume makes up 80% of extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of involuntary muscles in the body?

Lack control over their movement by will Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of diseases like Multiple Sclerosis and Stroke?

Affecting neurons or nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is found in higher concentration in intracellular fluid compared to extracellular fluid?

$K^+$ Signup and view all the answers

How do membranes contribute to the body?

Separate or compartmentalize ions and molecules Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution is 0.9% saline solution?

Isotonic Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does water move when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?

Out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves increasing or decreasing the number of active receptors on the cell surface?

Cell Regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of graded potentials in neurons?

Initiate action potentials Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signal communication involves autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and neuroendocrine signaling?

Chemical signaling Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of ions across the cell membrane primarily dependent on?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

In an electrical communication system, what is the role of neurons/nerves concerning signal transmission?

Carrying electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the resting membrane potential when a neuron hyperpolarizes?

It increases Signup and view all the answers