32 Questions
What is the primary role of astrocytes in the central nervous system?
Forming the blood-brain barrier
Which type of glial cells provide myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
What is the main function of microglia in the central nervous system?
Primary immune defense for the blood-brain barrier and CNS
What is the term for the site of communication between neurons or between a neuron and a muscle or gland?
Synaptic cleft
What type of synapse involves ion current flow through connexon channels from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron?
Electrical synapse
What causes vesicles to bind with the presynaptic terminal and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft in a chemical synapse?
Influx of calcium
What does the equilibrium potential (EP) indicate?
The electric potential when ions have opposing chemical and electrical forces
Which ion has higher concentration outside the cell?
$Na^+$
What does the Goldman equation calculate?
Membrane potential considering the contribution of different ion species
What is the role of gap junction/leak channels in ion movement?
Facilitate movement of ions across cell membranes through large pores
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?
Providing myelin sheaths
In the context of ion movement, what does the equilibrium potential (EP) indicate?
The electric potential when chemical and electric forces are equal
What is the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Providing myelin sheaths
Which ion has a higher concentration outside the cell based on the text?
Sodium (Na+)
What is the primary function of microglia in the central nervous system according to the text?
Serving as the primary immune defense
What is the function of electrical synapses according to the text?
Transmission of passive current flow across connexon channels
What is the primary role of astrocytes in the central nervous system?
Forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
What causes vesicles to bind with the presynaptic terminal and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft in a chemical synapse as per the text?
Action potential opening Ca 2+ channels
$5(7 + 3)$ What does the Goldman equation calculate according to the text?
Electrical potential difference across the membrane produced by an unequal net distribution of all positive and negative charges across the membrane
What is the main difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells as per the text?
Size
What is meant by convergence in terms of neuronal connections?
Several inputs to a single neuron at the dendrite
What is the function of membrane potential according to the text?
Maintaining balance between electric and chemical forces in neurons
What is the function of the Goldman equation as per the text?
Calculates the membrane potential factoring in the relative contribution of different ion species
What is the main role of microglia in the central nervous system based on the text?
Primary immune defense for the blood-brain barrier and CNS
What is the primary role of astrocytes in the central nervous system according to the text?
Defense, forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system according to the text?
Provide myelin sheaths in the central nervous system
What causes vesicles to bind with the presynaptic terminal and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft in a chemical synapse as per the text?
Action potential opens Ca 2+ channels
What type of synapse involves ion current flow through connexon channels from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron?
Electrical synapse
What is meant by convergence in terms of neuronal connections as per the text?
Several inputs to a single neuron at the dendrite
What does the equilibrium potential (EP) indicate based on the text?
The electric potential E when electric and chemical forces exactly oppose each other
Which ion has a higher concentration outside the cell based on the text?
Na+
What is meant by divergence in terms of neuronal connections as per the text?
A number of outputs or targets innervated by the neuron at the axon terminal
Test your knowledge about neurons and glial cells, which are the building blocks of the nervous system. Learn about myelin, macroglia, microglia, and their roles in supporting the nervous system.
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