Neuron Structure and Function

The axon terminal contains synaptic vesicles that store neurotransmitters, which are released to relay the action potential at the synapse.

The sensory division conveys messages into the central nervous system (CNS) by detecting changes through sensory receptors.

Neuron cells with electrical excitability can respond to a stimulus and generate an action potential, relying on the movement of sodium and potassium ions.

<p>The motor division conveys messages from the CNS to effectors, allowing the organism to respond to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell body contains the nucleus and typical cell components. It serves as the metabolic center of the neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendrites are the receiving portion of the neuron, responsible for receiving signals from other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The synapse serves as the site of communication between two neurons or a neuron and an effector cell, such as a muscle or gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They convey information to the CNS and send nerve impulses through axons to the CNS when a stimulus activates the sensory receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astrocytes provide strong support, protect neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and allow nutrients to flow between neurons and capillaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes provide structural support and form/maintain the myelin sheath around CNS axons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin sheath is a multi-layered lipid and protein covering around some axons that insulates them and increases the rate of action potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes progressive destruction of the myelin sheath. Its symptoms include muscle weakness, abnormal sensations, and double vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axon diameter, amount of myelination, and temperature are the factors that affect the propagation speed of action potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The resting membrane potential is the charge of -70mV, and it plays a significant role in the muscle's ability to contract or reset for another contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperpolarization occurs at -90mV and prevents the muscle from contracting again, causing a slight pause or reset for another contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>glue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>innervates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuron Cells that possess “electrical excitability” Can respond to a stimulus and generate an action potential (reliant on sodium and potassium) Cell body (soma) - contains nucleus and typical cell components Dendrites - receiving portion of neuron Axon - sending portion of neuron Sends signal to another neuron, muscle fiber or gland Does not contain rough endoplasmic reticulum (thus no protein synthesis) Axon Terminal: Contains synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitters (relays the action potential) Synapse: site of communication between 2 neurons or a neuron and effector cell (muscle,gland) Sensory Division (i.e. Afferent): Conveys messages Into the CNS Motor Divisions (i.e. Effrent): Conveys messages from the CNS Functions of the nervous systems - general overview Sensory Detect changes through sensory receptors (i.e touching hot stove) Integrative Analyze incoming sensory information, store some aspects, and make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors Motor Respond to stimuli via effectors (i.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sending</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>axon terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory</p> Signup and view all the answers