30 Questions
Describe the structure and function of the axon terminal in a neuron.
The axon terminal contains synaptic vesicles that store neurotransmitters, which are released to relay the action potential at the synapse.
What is the role of the sensory division (afferent) in the nervous system?
The sensory division conveys messages into the central nervous system (CNS) by detecting changes through sensory receptors.
Explain the concept of electrical excitability in neuron cells.
Neuron cells with electrical excitability can respond to a stimulus and generate an action potential, relying on the movement of sodium and potassium ions.
What is the function of the motor division (efferent) in the nervous system?
The motor division conveys messages from the CNS to effectors, allowing the organism to respond to stimuli.
Discuss the components and functions of the cell body (soma) in a neuron.
The cell body contains the nucleus and typical cell components. It serves as the metabolic center of the neuron.
What is the role of the dendrites in a neuron?
Dendrites are the receiving portion of the neuron, responsible for receiving signals from other neurons.
Explain the significance of the synapse in the nervous system.
The synapse serves as the site of communication between two neurons or a neuron and an effector cell, such as a muscle or gland.
What are the functions of sensory/afferent neurons?
They convey information to the CNS and send nerve impulses through axons to the CNS when a stimulus activates the sensory receptor.
What is the role of astrocytes in the nervous system?
Astrocytes provide strong support, protect neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, and allow nutrients to flow between neurons and capillaries.
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes provide structural support and form/maintain the myelin sheath around CNS axons.
What is myelin sheath and how does it affect the rate of action potentials?
Myelin sheath is a multi-layered lipid and protein covering around some axons that insulates them and increases the rate of action potentials.
What is multiple sclerosis and what are its symptoms?
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes progressive destruction of the myelin sheath. Its symptoms include muscle weakness, abnormal sensations, and double vision.
What are the factors that affect the propagation speed of action potentials?
Axon diameter, amount of myelination, and temperature are the factors that affect the propagation speed of action potentials.
What is the resting membrane potential and its significance?
The resting membrane potential is the charge of -70mV, and it plays a significant role in the muscle's ability to contract or reset for another contraction.
What is hyperpolarization and its effect on muscle contraction?
Hyperpolarization occurs at -90mV and prevents the muscle from contracting again, causing a slight pause or reset for another contraction.
Neuroglia is also known as the ______ of the nervous system
glue
The thicker and more myelin you have, the greater is the magnitude of ______ response
speed
Myelin sheath gaps are also known as nodes of ______
Ranvier
Resting membrane potential of a neuron is approximately -70 ______
mV
Astrocytes maintain the ______ brain barrier by maintaining the health of endothelial cells
blood
Oligodendrocytes provide structural support and forms/maintains myelin sheath around ______ axons
CNS
Temperature influences the speed of action potential, with higher temperature resulting in ______ speed
increased
Motor neuron innervates ALL the muscle fibers that it ______
innervates
Neuron Cells that possess “electrical excitability” Can respond to a stimulus and generate an action potential (reliant on sodium and potassium) Cell body (soma) - contains nucleus and typical cell components Dendrites - receiving portion of neuron Axon - sending portion of neuron Sends signal to another neuron, muscle fiber or gland Does not contain rough endoplasmic reticulum (thus no protein synthesis) Axon Terminal: Contains synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitters (relays the action potential) Synapse: site of communication between 2 neurons or a neuron and effector cell (muscle,gland) Sensory Division (i.e. Afferent): Conveys messages Into the CNS Motor Divisions (i.e. Effrent): Conveys messages from the CNS Functions of the nervous systems - general overview Sensory Detect changes through sensory receptors (i.e touching hot stove) Integrative Analyze incoming sensory information, store some aspects, and make decisions regarding appropriate behaviors Motor Respond to stimuli via effectors (i.
The ______ portion of neuron
sending
The ______ contains synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitters
axon terminal
The ______ is the site of communication between 2 neurons or a neuron and effector cell (muscle, gland)
synapse
The Sensory Division (i.e. Afferent) conveys messages ______ the CNS
Into
The Motor Divisions (i.e. Effrent) conveys messages from the ______
CNS
The ______ Detect changes through sensory receptors (i.e touching hot stove)
Sensory
Test your knowledge of neuron structure and function with this quiz. Learn about the different parts of a neuron and how they contribute to the transmission of signals in the nervous system.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
