40 Questions
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral divisions
Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
What is the function of glial cells in nerve tissue?
Support and protect neurons
From which embryonic layer does the nervous system develop?
Ectoderm
What structure signals the ectoderm to form the epithelial neural plate during development?
Notochord
What is the function of Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm?
Synthesizing proteins
What is the role of lipofuscin in the neuron's cytoplasm?
Accumulating with age
What is the purpose of satellite glial cells surrounding neuronal cells?
Provide structural support
In which part of the nervous system can pseudounipolar neurons with lipofuscin be found?
Sensory ganglia
Which cells are responsible for producing myelin in the white matter of the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
What is the main function of the neuronal cell body?
Producing cytoplasm for cell processes
Where are most neuronal cell bodies located in the CNS?
In gray matter
What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease according to the text?
Apoptosis of dopamine-producing neurons
In which region are cell bodies found in the PNS?
Ganglia
What neurotransmitter's production is augmented by l-dopa in Parkinson's disease treatment?
Dopamine
What is the main function of arachnoid villi in the central nervous system?
Absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into venous circulation
What is a distinguishing feature of peripheral nerves in the peripheral nervous system?
Consist of axons enclosed within Schwann cells
What type of cells sheath axons in the peripheral nerves and may or may not form myelin around them?
Schwann cells
How do myelinated nerve fibers differ from unmyelinated fibers?
Myelinated fibers have multiple layers of Schwann cell membrane forming myelin sheath
What distinguishes Schwann cells from oligodendrocytes in terms of myelination in the nervous system?
Schwann cells only partially myelinate one axon
What is the main function of the gray matter in the spinal cord?
Support and nourish neuronal cell bodies
Which cells are primarily found in the white matter of the spinal cord?
Oligodendrocytes
What is the main characteristic of the large motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cord?
Extensive protein synthesis indicated by prominent nucleoli and Nissl substance
Where can tracts with empty myelin sheaths be observed in the spinal cord?
In the white commissure ventral to the central canal
True or False: The spinal cord has bilateral symmetry only in its cross-section.
True
What is the term for the fine intercellular network in the central nervous system that resembles collagen?
Neuropil
During embryonic development, which structure separates from the neuroepithelium to become mesenchymal?
Neural crest
What do glial cells in the CNS primarily support and create optimal microenvironments for?
Neurons
Which cells give rise to the entire central nervous system, including neurons and most glial cells?
Ectoderm-derived cells
What population of cells migrates extensively and differentiates into all cells of the peripheral nervous system?
Neural crest cells
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in nerve tissue?
Forming myelin
Which cell type in the nervous system performs the function of removing cellular debris?
Microglial cells
What is the primary role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Forming myelin
Which cell type is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
Which cells are considered irritable or excitable due to their ability to rapidly change their electrical potential?
Muscle cells
What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?
Transmitting information as electrical signals
Which glial cells provide support and insulation between neurons in the nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
In response to stimuli, what do neurons typically experience first?
Membrane depolarization
What distinguishes excitable cells like neurons from other cell types in terms of responding to stimuli?
Altering electrical potential across plasma membranes
What is a significant role of microglial cells in nerve tissue?
Removing cellular debris
Test your knowledge about the structure and composition of neurons, including fine basophilic granules, lipofuscin, satellite glial cells, and axonal tracts. Identify different components of the cytoplasm and surrounding tissue in neurons.
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