Neuron Structure and Composition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

  • Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
  • Cranial and spinal divisions
  • Somatic and autonomic divisions
  • Central and peripheral divisions (correct)

Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Central nervous system (correct)
  • Peripheral nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system

What is the function of glial cells in nerve tissue?

  • Produce neurotransmitters
  • Transmit electrical signals
  • Generate myelin sheath
  • Support and protect neurons (correct)

From which embryonic layer does the nervous system develop?

<p>Ectoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure signals the ectoderm to form the epithelial neural plate during development?

<p>Notochord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm?

<p>Synthesizing proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipofuscin in the neuron's cytoplasm?

<p>Accumulating with age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of satellite glial cells surrounding neuronal cells?

<p>Provide structural support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the nervous system can pseudounipolar neurons with lipofuscin be found?

<p>Sensory ganglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for producing myelin in the white matter of the central nervous system?

<p>Oligodendrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the neuronal cell body?

<p>Producing cytoplasm for cell processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are most neuronal cell bodies located in the CNS?

<p>In gray matter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease according to the text?

<p>Apoptosis of dopamine-producing neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region are cell bodies found in the PNS?

<p>Ganglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter's production is augmented by l-dopa in Parkinson's disease treatment?

<p>Dopamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of arachnoid villi in the central nervous system?

<p>Absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into venous circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of peripheral nerves in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Consist of axons enclosed within Schwann cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells sheath axons in the peripheral nerves and may or may not form myelin around them?

<p>Schwann cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do myelinated nerve fibers differ from unmyelinated fibers?

<p>Myelinated fibers have multiple layers of Schwann cell membrane forming myelin sheath (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Schwann cells from oligodendrocytes in terms of myelination in the nervous system?

<p>Schwann cells only partially myelinate one axon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the gray matter in the spinal cord?

<p>Support and nourish neuronal cell bodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily found in the white matter of the spinal cord?

<p>Oligodendrocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the large motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cord?

<p>Extensive protein synthesis indicated by prominent nucleoli and Nissl substance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can tracts with empty myelin sheaths be observed in the spinal cord?

<p>In the white commissure ventral to the central canal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: The spinal cord has bilateral symmetry only in its cross-section.

<p><strong>True</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fine intercellular network in the central nervous system that resembles collagen?

<p>Neuropil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic development, which structure separates from the neuroepithelium to become mesenchymal?

<p>Neural crest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do glial cells in the CNS primarily support and create optimal microenvironments for?

<p>Neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells give rise to the entire central nervous system, including neurons and most glial cells?

<p>Ectoderm-derived cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What population of cells migrates extensively and differentiates into all cells of the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Neural crest cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in nerve tissue?

<p>Forming myelin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type in the nervous system performs the function of removing cellular debris?

<p>Microglial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Forming myelin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

<p>Astrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are considered irritable or excitable due to their ability to rapidly change their electrical potential?

<p>Muscle cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

<p>Transmitting information as electrical signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cells provide support and insulation between neurons in the nervous system?

<p>Oligodendrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In response to stimuli, what do neurons typically experience first?

<p>Membrane depolarization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes excitable cells like neurons from other cell types in terms of responding to stimuli?

<p>Altering electrical potential across plasma membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant role of microglial cells in nerve tissue?

<p>Removing cellular debris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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