Neuron Structure and Composition Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

  • Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
  • Cranial and spinal divisions
  • Somatic and autonomic divisions
  • Central and peripheral divisions (correct)

    • Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?

  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Central nervous system (correct)
  • Peripheral nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system

    • What is the function of glial cells in nerve tissue?

  • Produce neurotransmitters
  • Transmit electrical signals
  • Generate myelin sheath
  • Support and protect neurons (correct)

    • From which embryonic layer does the nervous system develop?

    <p>Ectoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure signals the ectoderm to form the epithelial neural plate during development?

    <p>Notochord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lipofuscin in the neuron's cytoplasm?

    <p>Accumulating with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of satellite glial cells surrounding neuronal cells?

    <p>Provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the nervous system can pseudounipolar neurons with lipofuscin be found?

    <p>Sensory ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing myelin in the white matter of the central nervous system?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the neuronal cell body?

    <p>Producing cytoplasm for cell processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most neuronal cell bodies located in the CNS?

    <p>In gray matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Parkinson's disease according to the text?

    <p>Apoptosis of dopamine-producing neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region are cell bodies found in the PNS?

    <p>Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter's production is augmented by l-dopa in Parkinson's disease treatment?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arachnoid villi in the central nervous system?

    <p>Absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into venous circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of peripheral nerves in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Consist of axons enclosed within Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells sheath axons in the peripheral nerves and may or may not form myelin around them?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do myelinated nerve fibers differ from unmyelinated fibers?

    <p>Myelinated fibers have multiple layers of Schwann cell membrane forming myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Schwann cells from oligodendrocytes in terms of myelination in the nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells only partially myelinate one axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the gray matter in the spinal cord?

    <p>Support and nourish neuronal cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily found in the white matter of the spinal cord?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the large motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cord?

    <p>Extensive protein synthesis indicated by prominent nucleoli and Nissl substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can tracts with empty myelin sheaths be observed in the spinal cord?

    <p>In the white commissure ventral to the central canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: The spinal cord has bilateral symmetry only in its cross-section.

    <p><strong>True</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fine intercellular network in the central nervous system that resembles collagen?

    <p>Neuropil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During embryonic development, which structure separates from the neuroepithelium to become mesenchymal?

    <p>Neural crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do glial cells in the CNS primarily support and create optimal microenvironments for?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells give rise to the entire central nervous system, including neurons and most glial cells?

    <p>Ectoderm-derived cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What population of cells migrates extensively and differentiates into all cells of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Neural crest cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in nerve tissue?

    <p>Forming myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the nervous system performs the function of removing cellular debris?

    <p>Microglial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Forming myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are considered irritable or excitable due to their ability to rapidly change their electrical potential?

    <p>Muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmitting information as electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glial cells provide support and insulation between neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In response to stimuli, what do neurons typically experience first?

    <p>Membrane depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes excitable cells like neurons from other cell types in terms of responding to stimuli?

    <p>Altering electrical potential across plasma membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant role of microglial cells in nerve tissue?

    <p>Removing cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

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