Neuron Resting Potential Overview

What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Which type of ion channels remain open during the resting potential of a neuron?

Why is maintaining a resting potential important for neurons?

How does the permeability of the neuron membrane affect ion movement during resting potential?

Which ions are primarily affected by the neuron’s resting potential?

What is the result of potassium channels being mostly closed during resting potential?

Which of the following best describes glia cells?

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the brain?

Which type of glial cell is responsible for the production of myelin?

How does the blood-brain barrier primarily protect the brain?

Why is the blood-brain barrier crucial for health?

What types of molecules can cross the blood-brain barrier passively?

Which cell type is involved in the immune response within the brain?

What happens to the endothelial cells in the blood-brain barrier during Alzheimer's disease?

Which of the following correctly describes Schwann cells?

Resting Potential of a Neuron

Neurons maintain an electrical gradient, slightly more negative inside than outside.
This difference is called the resting potential.
The typical resting membrane potential is -70 mV.
Chloride channels are open, allowing ion passage.
Potassium channels are mostly closed.
Sodium channels are closed.
Sodium-potassium pump actively transports 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in.
This maintains a higher sodium concentration outside the cell.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy source for this process.
Sodium ions are attracted to the negative interior but the concentration gradient opposes this.
The sodium channels are closed, slowing this ion movement.
Potassium ions face a similar challenge: electrical forces pulling them in, and the concentration gradient pushing them out.
Both forces work against each other.

Nerve Impulse - Resting Potential

The resting potential allows rapid neuron response to stimuli
Forces on sodium: Electrical and concentration gradients both push sodium in.
Forces on potassium: Electrical forces pull in, concentration forces pull out.

Glia Cells

Glia cells are another component of the nervous system.
Glia cells have functions different from transmitting information.
Glia are smaller but slightly more numerous.
Different types perform different functions.

Blood-Brain Barrier

The blood-brain barrier keeps many substances from entering the brain.
Protects the brain's neurons, which cannot be easily replaced.
Prevents viruses, bacteria, and harmful chemicals from entering.
Some small, uncharged molecules can diffuse across.
Transport mechanisms exist for essential molecules (e.g., glucose).
Alzheimer's linked to blood brain barrier disruption.
Hinders delivery of useful medications.

This quiz covers the concept of resting potential in neurons, detailing the electrical gradient maintained across their membranes. It explores the roles of various ion channels and the sodium-potassium pump in establishing this crucial state, which is vital for neuron functioning and impulse transmission.