Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD)
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of aquaporin 4 in the central nervous system?

Aquaporin 4 is the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system.

What is the most common cause of NMO?

Immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4).

What are the two main characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD)?

Acute inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis, ON) and the spinal cord (myelitis).

What other protein can be associated with anti-AQP4-negative cases of NMO?

<p>Antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible associations of NMO with other conditions?

<p>Other autoimmune diseases (e.g. connective tissue disorders, paraneoplastic syndromes) or infectious diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some possible side effects of steroids?

<p>The text mentions that these are not all the possible side effects of steroids, so it is difficult to determine the answer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are commonly treated with high-dose steroids?

<p>Optic neuritis and transverse myelitis are the most common symptoms treated with high-dose steroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does IV therapy with steroids usually last?

<p>IV therapy usually lasts for 5 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for deciding whether to continue steroids or add a new treatment?

<p>The decision is based on the patient's symptoms and MRI findings at the end of 5 days of steroids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what form may steroids be continued after IV therapy?

<p>Steroids may be continued in pill form for a period of time after IV therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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