Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of cerebrovascular deficits is attributed to ischemia?
What percentage of cerebrovascular deficits is attributed to ischemia?
- 95%
- 90%
- 70%
- 85% (correct)
Which of the following conditions can lead to global cerebral ischemia?
Which of the following conditions can lead to global cerebral ischemia?
- Chronic hypoxia due to bronchitis
- Severe dehydration due to heatstroke
- Pulmonary embolism
- Atherosclerosis causing low perfusion (correct)
What is the primary energy source required by neurons that makes them vulnerable to ischemia?
What is the primary energy source required by neurons that makes them vulnerable to ischemia?
- Amino acids
- Serum glucose (correct)
- Oxygen
- Fatty acids
What can mild global ischemia lead to?
What can mild global ischemia lead to?
What is a significant consequence of neurons undergoing ischemia for 3-5 minutes?
What is a significant consequence of neurons undergoing ischemia for 3-5 minutes?
What is the most common site for intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is the most common site for intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What complication is commonly associated with intracerebral hemorrhage?
What complication is commonly associated with intracerebral hemorrhage?
Which condition is most frequently associated with the rupture of a berry aneurysm?
Which condition is most frequently associated with the rupture of a berry aneurysm?
What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What type of ischemia is characterized by diffuse necrosis and a potential vegetative state upon survival?
What type of ischemia is characterized by diffuse necrosis and a potential vegetative state upon survival?
Which neuronal locations are primarily affected by moderate global ischemia, causing laminar necrosis?
Which neuronal locations are primarily affected by moderate global ischemia, causing laminar necrosis?
Which subtype of ischemic stroke is most commonly associated with emboli from the heart?
Which subtype of ischemic stroke is most commonly associated with emboli from the heart?
Which process primarily follows the early eosinophilic changes observed in ischemic stroke?
Which process primarily follows the early eosinophilic changes observed in ischemic stroke?
In lacunar strokes, which area of the brain is most commonly involved to produce a pure motor stroke?
In lacunar strokes, which area of the brain is most commonly involved to produce a pure motor stroke?
What type of necrosis is primarily associated with ischemic strokes?
What type of necrosis is primarily associated with ischemic strokes?
Which of the following accurately describes the infarct formation in a thrombotic stroke?
Which of the following accurately describes the infarct formation in a thrombotic stroke?
Which area of the brain is generally affected in embolic strokes leading to a hemorrhagic infarct?
Which area of the brain is generally affected in embolic strokes leading to a hemorrhagic infarct?
Flashcards
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the brain tissue, often caused by the rupture of small, weakened blood vessels.
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms
A common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, often due to high blood pressure.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the space between the brain and the thin membrane covering it.
Berry Aneurysm
Berry Aneurysm
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Anterior Circle of Willis
Anterior Circle of Willis
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Cerebrovascular Disease
Cerebrovascular Disease
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Neurologic Deficit
Neurologic Deficit
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Ischemia
Ischemia
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Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage
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Global Cerebral Ischemia
Global Cerebral Ischemia
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Severe Global Ischemia
Severe Global Ischemia
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Moderate Global Ischemia
Moderate Global Ischemia
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Thrombotic Stroke
Thrombotic Stroke
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Embolic Stroke
Embolic Stroke
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Lacunar Stroke
Lacunar Stroke
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Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic Stroke
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Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
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Liquefactive Necrosis
Liquefactive Necrosis
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Study Notes
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Bleeding into brain parenchyma
- Classically due to rupture of Charcot-Bouchare microaneurysms of the lenticulostriate vessels
- Complication of hypertension; treatment of hypertension reduces incidence by half.
- Basal ganglia is the most common site
- Presents as severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and eventual coma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Bleeding into the subarachnoid space
- Presents as a sudden headache ("worst headache of my life") with nuchal rigidity
- Lumbar puncture shows xanthochromia (yellow hue due to bilirubin).
- Most frequently (85%) due to rupture of a berry aneurysm; other causes include AV malformations and an anticoagulated state.
- Berry aneurysms are thin-walled saccular outpouchings that lack a media layer (Fig. 17.9), increasing the risk for rupture.
- Most frequently located in the anterior circle of Willis at branch points of the anterior communicating artery
- Associated with Marfan syndrome and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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