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Questions and Answers
What percentage of cerebrovascular deficits is attributed to ischemia?
What percentage of cerebrovascular deficits is attributed to ischemia?
Which of the following conditions can lead to global cerebral ischemia?
Which of the following conditions can lead to global cerebral ischemia?
What is the primary energy source required by neurons that makes them vulnerable to ischemia?
What is the primary energy source required by neurons that makes them vulnerable to ischemia?
What can mild global ischemia lead to?
What can mild global ischemia lead to?
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What is a significant consequence of neurons undergoing ischemia for 3-5 minutes?
What is a significant consequence of neurons undergoing ischemia for 3-5 minutes?
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What is the most common site for intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is the most common site for intracerebral hemorrhage?
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Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
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What complication is commonly associated with intracerebral hemorrhage?
What complication is commonly associated with intracerebral hemorrhage?
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Which condition is most frequently associated with the rupture of a berry aneurysm?
Which condition is most frequently associated with the rupture of a berry aneurysm?
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What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
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What type of ischemia is characterized by diffuse necrosis and a potential vegetative state upon survival?
What type of ischemia is characterized by diffuse necrosis and a potential vegetative state upon survival?
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Which neuronal locations are primarily affected by moderate global ischemia, causing laminar necrosis?
Which neuronal locations are primarily affected by moderate global ischemia, causing laminar necrosis?
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Which subtype of ischemic stroke is most commonly associated with emboli from the heart?
Which subtype of ischemic stroke is most commonly associated with emboli from the heart?
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Which process primarily follows the early eosinophilic changes observed in ischemic stroke?
Which process primarily follows the early eosinophilic changes observed in ischemic stroke?
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In lacunar strokes, which area of the brain is most commonly involved to produce a pure motor stroke?
In lacunar strokes, which area of the brain is most commonly involved to produce a pure motor stroke?
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What type of necrosis is primarily associated with ischemic strokes?
What type of necrosis is primarily associated with ischemic strokes?
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Which of the following accurately describes the infarct formation in a thrombotic stroke?
Which of the following accurately describes the infarct formation in a thrombotic stroke?
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Which area of the brain is generally affected in embolic strokes leading to a hemorrhagic infarct?
Which area of the brain is generally affected in embolic strokes leading to a hemorrhagic infarct?
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Study Notes
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Bleeding into brain parenchyma
- Classically due to rupture of Charcot-Bouchare microaneurysms of the lenticulostriate vessels
- Complication of hypertension; treatment of hypertension reduces incidence by half.
- Basal ganglia is the most common site
- Presents as severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and eventual coma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Bleeding into the subarachnoid space
- Presents as a sudden headache ("worst headache of my life") with nuchal rigidity
- Lumbar puncture shows xanthochromia (yellow hue due to bilirubin).
- Most frequently (85%) due to rupture of a berry aneurysm; other causes include AV malformations and an anticoagulated state.
- Berry aneurysms are thin-walled saccular outpouchings that lack a media layer (Fig. 17.9), increasing the risk for rupture.
- Most frequently located in the anterior circle of Willis at branch points of the anterior communicating artery
- Associated with Marfan syndrome and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Description
Test your knowledge on intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhages. This quiz covers definitions, causes, symptoms, and complications related to these types of strokes. Understand the critical distinctions and clinical presentations to enhance your understanding of brain hemorrhages.
