Neurology Chapter 45 Quiz

Questions and Answers

Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed?

Focal

Complex

Partial

Generalized (correct)

The primary reason that prolonged seizure activity predisposes to ischemic brain damage is that?

The brainstem is depressed

Neurons are unable to transport glucose

Cardiovascular regulation is impaired

The lack of airway maintenance can lead to hypoxia (correct)

The dementia of Alzheimer disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including?

Significant aluminum deposits in the brain

Deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain (correct)

Hypertrophy of frontal lobe neurons

Degeneration of basal ganglia

Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease,?

Other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out Signup and view all the answers

Parkinson disease is associated with?

A deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra Signup and view all the answers

Dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease, because they?

Increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia Signup and view all the answers

The classic manifestations of Parkinson disease include?

Rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity Signup and view all the answers

The stage of spinal shock that follows spinal cord injury is characterized by?

Absent spinal reflexes below the level of injury Signup and view all the answers

Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by?

Hypertension and bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What type of seizure usually occurs in children and is characterized by brief staring spells?

Absence Signup and view all the answers

The initial treatment of an individual experiencing a seizure is concentrated on?

Maintaining an airway Signup and view all the answers

Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of?

Parkinson disease Signup and view all the answers

Which are common causes of acquired parkinsonism? (Select all that apply)

History of trauma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seizures

Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres from onset.
Partial seizures are restricted to one hemisphere; complex partial seizures focus on a specific brain area.
Status epilepticus is a series of seizures without recovery, risking irreversible brain damage primarily due to airway maintenance issues.

Alzheimer Disease

Associated with structural brain changes, particularly amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Diagnosis requires ruling out other dementia causes; brain biopsy is not necessary.
Increased protein in lumbar puncture is not indicative of Alzheimer dementia.

Parkinson Disease

Results from dopamine deficiency in the substantia nigra; not linked to CNS demyelination or pyramidal nerve tract lesions.
Treatment focuses on increasing dopamine in the CNS; anticholinergics are utilized for symptom management.
Classic symptoms include a rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity; akinesia and stiffness in movement follow.

Spinal Shock and Autonomic Dysreflexia

Spinal shock includes absent spinal reflexes below injury level; paralysis and loss of sensation occur.
After spinal shock, autonomic dysreflexia can develop, characterized by hypertension, bradycardia, and upper body flushing.

Seizure Types

Absence seizures (petite mal) are brief and typically occur in children, characterized by staring spells lasting seconds.
Initial treatment for seizures prioritizes airway maintenance to prevent injury, with anticonvulsants following for specific seizure types.

Orthostatic Hypotension

Common in Parkinson disease due to autonomic nervous system involvement; not typically associated with Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Acquired Parkinsonism

Common causes include history of infections, intoxication, or trauma; differs from idiopathic parkinsonism, which has a gradual onset related to dopaminergic neuron degeneration.

Description

Test your knowledge on chronic disorders of neurologic function with these flashcards. This quiz specifically covers key terms and concepts related to seizures, including their classifications and definitions. Perfect for students of neurology or related fields.