Neurology Basics: Brain and Nervous System

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What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

Maintaining posture and balance
Controlling motor movements and decision-making (correct)
Facial recognition and hearing
Processing sensory information from the body

What is the purpose of the reflex test in neurological examinations?

To evaluate a patient's voluntary movements
To measure a patient's muscle tone
To elicit an involuntary response to a stimulus (correct)
To assess a patient's sensory responses to stimulation

What is the term for a focal neurological deficit lasting longer than 24 hours?

Stroke (correct)
Cerebrovascular accident
Transient ischemic attack
Neurological pathology

Which of the following is NOT a function of the temporal lobe?

Motor control (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the AVPU scale?

To measure a patient's level of consciousness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the crossing of cranial and spinal nerves?

Decussation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Areas of demyelination in the CNS (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Phenytoin on the gums?

It causes gingival hyperplasia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common reason for facial pain?

Dental pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for pain from a normally non-painful stimulus?

Allodynia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a seizure that lasts a long time, a constant seizure?

Status epilepticus seizure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for epilepsy?

Anti-epileptic drugs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the dental relevance of multiple sclerosis?

People living with MS may be at increased risk of dental diseases due to variety of factors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for nerve distribution pain?

Neuralgia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for seizures associated with epilepsy?

Tonic-Clonic seizures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an EEG in diagnosing epilepsy?

To see if different parts of the brain are functioning (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unpleasant sensation that is either spontaneous or evoked?

Dysaesthesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of a person having an absence seizure?

Stare blankly into space (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of medications taken for MS on the mouth?

Reduced saliva production (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of an ischemic stroke?

Blockage of blood supply due to an obstruction in the thrombus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for abnormal sensation that is spontaneous or evoked but not unpleasant?

Paraesthesia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a feeling of déjà vu during a seizure?

Simple partial seizure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for nerve pathology or damage pain?

Neuropathic pain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a CT scan in diagnosing epilepsy?

To find any anatomical abnormalities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of stroke events that are ischemic?

80% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a seizure that affects only one part of the body?

Simple partial seizure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for an ischemic stroke?

Thrombolysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a sudden, temporary loss of neurological function that lasts less than 24 hours?

Transient ischemic attack (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a seizure that causes all muscles to suddenly become stiff?

Tonic seizure (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do anti-epileptic drugs work?

They change the levels of chemicals in the brain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common lesion that causes stroke?

Hemiplegia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a collection of blood in the 'potential' space between the skull and the outer protective lining that covers the brain?

Extra dural haematoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Thunderclap headache (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medication used to treat a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Nimodipine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a focal neurological deficit that affects the ability to communicate?

Aphasia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SALT assessment in acute stroke management?

To assess speech (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of trigeminal neuralgia?

Recurrent, brief, lancing pain lasting approximately 30 seconds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of trigeminal neuralgia?

Multiple sclerosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment for trigeminal neuralgia?

Anticonvulsants like Carbamazepine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is glossopharyngeal neuralgia characterized by?

Pain in the ear, base of tongue, and tonsillar fossa/angle of jaw (B) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers burning mouth syndrome?

Stress (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is used to treat burning mouth syndrome?

Difflam mouthwash and Lidocaine gels (B) Signup and view all the answers