Neurology and Stroke Pathophysiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a common cause of large-vessel occlusions that can lead to specific stroke syndromes?

  • Atrial fibrillation (correct)
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Chronic emotional stress
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • A left MCA infarction primarily results in which of the following symptoms?

  • Aphasia (correct)
  • Left hemiparesis
  • Right hemiparesis
  • Visual field deficit
  • Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles?

  • Blood-brain barrier
  • Basal ganglia
  • Choroid plexus (correct)
  • Cerebellum
  • What complication can arise from chronic hypertension affecting the lenticulo-striate arteries?

    <p>Lacunar infarct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ventricular system in the brain?

    <p>Cushion the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used within this project to collectively describe physician assistants and nurse practitioners?

    <p>Advanced practice clinician</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the acute care nurse practitioner certification developed?

    <p>1995</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has prompted the rapid expansion of the role of advanced practice clinicians into hospital settings?

    <p>Shortage of primary care providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of physician assistants are currently working in hospital settings?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the field of neurocritical care changed in recent years compared to residency and fellowship training programs?

    <p>Has grown faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is training and experience crucial for advanced practice clinicians working in neurocritical care?

    <p>To provide exemplary care to critically ill patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome has been measured to show the effectiveness of nurse practitioners and physician assistants in intensive care units?

    <p>Rates of morbidity and mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

    <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from decreased secretion of vasopressin after pituitary surgery?

    <p>Central diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT part of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Coordinating movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT included in the brainstem?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the subarachnoid space serve in relation to the brain?

    <p>It acts as a protective buffer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the reticular activating system play?

    <p>Maintains wakefulness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive urine output and resultant hypernatremia are symptoms of which condition?

    <p>Diabetes Insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which meningeal layer is thinnest and closely adherent to the brain?

    <p>Pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is associated with the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia?

    <p>Modulating muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly causes a subdural hematoma?

    <p>Tearing of the bridging veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

    <p>Interhemispheric fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is primarily managed by the autonomic functions in the brainstem?

    <p>Heart rate regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe is primarily associated with creativity and judgment?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the pituitary gland contains axons extending from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Posterior lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'trabeculae' refer to in the context of the subarachnoid space?

    <p>Fibrous strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential condition associated with traumatic injury to the brain?

    <p>Cerebral aneurysm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sulci and gyri on the cerebral cortex responsible for?

    <p>Providing surface area for neuronal connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)?

    <p>Supplying the bulk of the cerebral hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures receive blood supply from the lenticulostriate arteries?

    <p>Basal ganglia and internal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the vertebral arteries (VA) travel before entering the skull?

    <p>Through the cervical vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when the two vertebral arteries merge?

    <p>Basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas are primarily supplied by the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs)?

    <p>Inferior and medial temporal lobes, occipital lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the superior and inferior divisions of the MCA supply?

    <p>Cortex above and below the lateral fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies the brainstem?

    <p>Branches from the posterior circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily supplies the cerebellum?

    <p>Basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries provide the posterior circulation to the brain?

    <p>Vertebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the basilar artery and the posterior cerebral arteries?

    <p>The basilar artery branches into the posterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • This book is titled "Neurocritical Care for the Advanced Practice Clinician"
    • It's edited by Jessica L. White and Kevin N. Sheth
    • The book is published by Springer

    Editors

    • Jessica L. White: Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
    • Kevin N. Sheth: Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Book Information

    • ISBN 978-3-319-48667-3
    • ISBN 978-3-319-48669-7 (eBook)
    • DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48669-7
    • Library of Congress Control Number: 2017946839
    • Copyright: Springer International Publishing AG 2017

    Dedications

    • Dedicated to colleagues in the Neuro ICU (nurses, physicians, and advanced practice clinicians) for their compassionate care
    • Dedicated to neurology patients and their families for the practice and art of critical care neurology

    Acknowledgement

    • The project highlights interprofessional collaboration between advanced practice clinicians and physicians
    • Grateful acknowledgement to contributors for their generous sharing of expertise and experience in neurocritical care
    • Thanks to Yale University Neurocritical Care faculty and APC staff, and Guido Falcone for his editorial assistance

    Contents

    • Chapter 1: The Role of Advanced Practice Clinicians in the Neuroscience ICU
    • Chapter 2: Neuroanatomy
      • Skull, Fossae, and Meninges
      • Cerebrum
      • Diencephalon
      • Basal Ganglia
      • Brainstem
      • Cerebral Vasculature
      • Ventricles
      • Cranial Nerves
    • Chapter 3: Neuroradiology
    • Chapter 4: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    • Chapter 5: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
    • Chapter 6: Acute Ischemic Stroke
    • Chapter 7: Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
    • Chapter 8: Malignant Ischemic Stroke and Hemicraniectomy
    • Chapter 9: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
    • Chapter 10: Traumatic Brain Injury
    • Chapter 11: Intracranial Pressure Management
    • Chapter 12: Seizures and Status Epilepticus
    • Chapter 13: Neurological Infections
    • Chapter 14: Brain Tumors
    • Chapter 15: Spinal Cord Injury
    • Chapter 16: Neuromuscular Disease
    • Chapter 17: Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury After Cardiac Arrest
    • Chapter 18: Brain Death and Organ Donation
    • Chapter 19: Goals of Care and Difficult Conversations
    • Chapter 20: Multimodality Monitoring
    • Chapter 21: Airway and Ventilation Management
    • Chapter 22: Pharmacology
    • Chapter 23: Common Complications in the Neuro ICU
    • Chapter 24: Helpful Links and Resources

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on causes and effects of large-vessel occlusions in stroke syndromes. This quiz covers the anatomy of cerebrospinal fluid production and complications from chronic hypertension. Challenge yourself to understand the ventricular system's role in brain function.

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