Neurology and Stroke Pathophysiology Quiz
41 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common cause of large-vessel occlusions that can lead to specific stroke syndromes?

  • Atrial fibrillation (correct)
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Chronic emotional stress
  • Sedentary lifestyle

A left MCA infarction primarily results in which of the following symptoms?

  • Aphasia (correct)
  • Left hemiparesis
  • Right hemiparesis
  • Visual field deficit

Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles?

  • Blood-brain barrier
  • Basal ganglia
  • Choroid plexus (correct)
  • Cerebellum

What complication can arise from chronic hypertension affecting the lenticulo-striate arteries?

<p>Lacunar infarct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ventricular system in the brain?

<p>Cushion the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used within this project to collectively describe physician assistants and nurse practitioners?

<p>Advanced practice clinician (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the acute care nurse practitioner certification developed?

<p>1995 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has prompted the rapid expansion of the role of advanced practice clinicians into hospital settings?

<p>Shortage of primary care providers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of physician assistants are currently working in hospital settings?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the field of neurocritical care changed in recent years compared to residency and fellowship training programs?

<p>Has grown faster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is training and experience crucial for advanced practice clinicians working in neurocritical care?

<p>To provide exemplary care to critically ill patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome has been measured to show the effectiveness of nurse practitioners and physician assistants in intensive care units?

<p>Rates of morbidity and mortality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

<p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone (B), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result from decreased secretion of vasopressin after pituitary surgery?

<p>Central diabetes insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the basal ganglia?

<p>Amygdala (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

<p>Coordinating movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT included in the brainstem?

<p>Thalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the subarachnoid space serve in relation to the brain?

<p>It acts as a protective buffer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the reticular activating system play?

<p>Maintains wakefulness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessive urine output and resultant hypernatremia are symptoms of which condition?

<p>Diabetes Insipidus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which meningeal layer is thinnest and closely adherent to the brain?

<p>Pia mater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function is associated with the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia?

<p>Modulating muscle tone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What commonly causes a subdural hematoma?

<p>Tearing of the bridging veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

<p>Interhemispheric fissure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily managed by the autonomic functions in the brainstem?

<p>Heart rate regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe is primarily associated with creativity and judgment?

<p>Frontal lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the pituitary gland contains axons extending from the hypothalamus?

<p>Posterior lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum?

<p>Corpus callosum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'trabeculae' refer to in the context of the subarachnoid space?

<p>Fibrous strands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential condition associated with traumatic injury to the brain?

<p>Cerebral aneurysm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sulci and gyri on the cerebral cortex responsible for?

<p>Providing surface area for neuronal connections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)?

<p>Supplying the bulk of the cerebral hemisphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures receive blood supply from the lenticulostriate arteries?

<p>Basal ganglia and internal capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the vertebral arteries (VA) travel before entering the skull?

<p>Through the cervical vertebrae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when the two vertebral arteries merge?

<p>Basilar artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which areas are primarily supplied by the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs)?

<p>Inferior and medial temporal lobes, occipital lobes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the superior and inferior divisions of the MCA supply?

<p>Cortex above and below the lateral fissure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries supplies the brainstem?

<p>Branches from the posterior circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery primarily supplies the cerebellum?

<p>Basilar artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries provide the posterior circulation to the brain?

<p>Vertebral arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the basilar artery and the posterior cerebral arteries?

<p>The basilar artery branches into the posterior cerebral arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Advanced Practice Clinician (APC)

A healthcare professional who provides medical care, often in a hospital setting, and may include physician assistants or nurse practitioners.

Neurocritical Care

The provision of highly specialized medical care for patients with critical neurological conditions.

Expansion of the APC Role in Hospitals

The trend of using healthcare professionals like physician assistants and nurse practitioners to address the shortage of physicians, especially in hospitals.

Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Certification and Hospital Medicine Specialty Certification for PAs

Certifications specifically designed for nurse practitioners and physician assistants to demonstrate their expertise in providing care to critically ill patients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Growth of Neurocritical Care and Physician Shortages

The growing need for neurocritical care specialists in hospitals, challenging the capacity of residency and fellowship programs to produce enough specialized physicians.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Effectiveness of APCs in Critical Care

The ability of APCs to provide effective medical care in intensive care units, comparable to the outcomes achieved by physicians, according to studies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Projected Increase in APC Role in Inpatient Care

The increasing reliance on APCs to fill the gap in medical services, due to projections of continued physician shortages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pia mater

A thin membrane that adheres to the brain and is highly vascular, providing oxygen and nutrients to the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subarachnoid space

The space separating the arachnoid and pia mater, filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for cushioning and protection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trabeculae

Fibrous strands that connect the arachnoid and pia mater.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dura mater

The outer layer of the meninges, a tough membrane that lines the inside of the skull.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epidural hematoma

Bleeding between the skull and dura mater.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subdural hematoma

Bleeding between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Bleeding within the subarachnoid space.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain responsible for intellectual functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cerebral cortex

The outermost layer of the cerebrum, responsible for higher cognitive functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventricular System: Role

The main role of the ventricular system and the CSF within it is to cushion the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

CSF Production

The choroid plexus produces approximately 450 mL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) daily.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Superior Sagittal Sinus

The anterior and superior cortical veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Large-vessel Occlusions

Large-vessel occlusions, due to embolism or in situ thrombosis, lead to specific stroke syndromes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypertension and Stroke

Chronic hypertension causes damage to the lenticulostriate and pontine perforator arteries, which can lead to lacunar infarct or vessel rupture, resulting in intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does the anterior pituitary secrete?

The anterior pituitary, also known as the adenohypophysis, secretes hormones like ACTH, TSH, LH, FSH, prolactin, and MSH. This happens in response to signals from the hypothalamus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What part of the pituitary is an extension from the hypothalamus?

The posterior pituitary, also known as the neurohypophysis, is an extension of the hypothalamus. It contains axons that release oxytocin and vasopressin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is central diabetes insipidus?

A condition that occurs after pituitary surgery, where there is a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin). This leads to excessive urine output, causing dehydration and increased blood sodium levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the basal ganglia?

A group of deep brain structures that include the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and putamen. They receive input from the cortex and work with the cerebellum to regulate movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

They are involved in initiating and stopping movements, preventing unnecessary movements, and modulating muscle tone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the components of the brainstem?

The brainstem consists of three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla. It contains cranial nerve nuclei, regulates autonomic functions, basic reflexes, and consciousness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Where is the reticular activating system located?

The reticular activating system is located in the brainstem and projects to the thalamus and cortex. It plays a crucial role in maintaining wakefulness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What pathways pass through the brainstem?

Descending motor pathways carry signals from the brain to the muscles, while ascending sensory pathways carry signals from the body to the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the functions of the descending motor and ascending sensory pathways?

The descending motor pathways control voluntary movements, while the ascending sensory pathways convey touch, temperature, pain, and other sensory information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the frontal lobe?

The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions like planning, decision-making, and personality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the MCA?

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a major artery that supplies blood to a large portion of the brain, including the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does the MCA branch?

The MCA typically divides into superior and inferior branches as it travels through the lateral fissure of the brain. The superior branch supplies the upper regions of the cerebral cortex above the lateral fissure, while the inferior branch supplies the lower regions below the fissure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the lenticulostriate arteries?

The lenticulostriate arteries are small branches of the MCA that supply blood to the basal ganglia and internal capsule, structures deep within the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the posterior circulation?

The posterior circulation of the brain is supplied by the vertebral arteries (VA). These arteries travel upwards through the neck and then into the skull through the foramen magnum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How do the vertebral arteries contribute to the brain's blood supply?

The two vertebral arteries converge to form the basilar artery (BA), which branches into the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

The posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) supply blood to the inferior and medial temporal lobes, as well as the occipital lobes of the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What structures are supplied by branches of the posterior circulation?

The brainstem and cerebellum receive blood supply from three major paired branches arising from the posterior circulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the significance of the posterior circulation?

The posterior circulation supplies blood to the brainstem and cerebellum, crucial for controlling functions like breathing, heart rate, and coordination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is the basilar artery important?

The basilar artery plays a crucial role in supplying blood to the brainstem and cerebellum, essential structures for vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and movement coordination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the functional significance of the MCA?

The MCA is significantly involved in supplying blood to the lateral regions of the cerebral cortex, impacting functions like language, sensory processing, and voluntary movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Introduction

  • This book is titled "Neurocritical Care for the Advanced Practice Clinician"
  • It's edited by Jessica L. White and Kevin N. Sheth
  • The book is published by Springer

Editors

  • Jessica L. White: Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
  • Kevin N. Sheth: Neurosciences Intensive Care Unit, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Book Information

  • ISBN 978-3-319-48667-3
  • ISBN 978-3-319-48669-7 (eBook)
  • DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-48669-7
  • Library of Congress Control Number: 2017946839
  • Copyright: Springer International Publishing AG 2017

Dedications

  • Dedicated to colleagues in the Neuro ICU (nurses, physicians, and advanced practice clinicians) for their compassionate care
  • Dedicated to neurology patients and their families for the practice and art of critical care neurology

Acknowledgement

  • The project highlights interprofessional collaboration between advanced practice clinicians and physicians
  • Grateful acknowledgement to contributors for their generous sharing of expertise and experience in neurocritical care
  • Thanks to Yale University Neurocritical Care faculty and APC staff, and Guido Falcone for his editorial assistance

Contents

  • Chapter 1: The Role of Advanced Practice Clinicians in the Neuroscience ICU
  • Chapter 2: Neuroanatomy
    • Skull, Fossae, and Meninges
    • Cerebrum
    • Diencephalon
    • Basal Ganglia
    • Brainstem
    • Cerebral Vasculature
    • Ventricles
    • Cranial Nerves
  • Chapter 3: Neuroradiology
  • Chapter 4: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  • Chapter 5: Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  • Chapter 6: Acute Ischemic Stroke
  • Chapter 7: Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
  • Chapter 8: Malignant Ischemic Stroke and Hemicraniectomy
  • Chapter 9: Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
  • Chapter 10: Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Chapter 11: Intracranial Pressure Management
  • Chapter 12: Seizures and Status Epilepticus
  • Chapter 13: Neurological Infections
  • Chapter 14: Brain Tumors
  • Chapter 15: Spinal Cord Injury
  • Chapter 16: Neuromuscular Disease
  • Chapter 17: Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury After Cardiac Arrest
  • Chapter 18: Brain Death and Organ Donation
  • Chapter 19: Goals of Care and Difficult Conversations
  • Chapter 20: Multimodality Monitoring
  • Chapter 21: Airway and Ventilation Management
  • Chapter 22: Pharmacology
  • Chapter 23: Common Complications in the Neuro ICU
  • Chapter 24: Helpful Links and Resources

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Neurocritical Care for the Advanced Practice Clinician PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on causes and effects of large-vessel occlusions in stroke syndromes. This quiz covers the anatomy of cerebrospinal fluid production and complications from chronic hypertension. Challenge yourself to understand the ventricular system's role in brain function.

More Like This

Test Your Knowledge on Lacunar Stroke Syndromes
3 questions

Test Your Knowledge on Lacunar Stroke Syndromes

ProblemFreeBurgundy avatar
ProblemFreeBurgundy
Stroke Syndromes Overview
100 questions

Stroke Syndromes Overview

SatisfiedDivisionism avatar
SatisfiedDivisionism
Stroke Syndromes and Treatment Quiz
31 questions

Stroke Syndromes and Treatment Quiz

SubstantiveLily avatar
SubstantiveLily
Stroke and Spinal Cord Syndromes Study Notes
10 questions

Stroke and Spinal Cord Syndromes Study Notes

IllustriousBeauty7193 avatar
IllustriousBeauty7193
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser