Neurologic Disorders of the Larynx

A percutaneous procedure using EMG guidance to inject toxin into the thyroarytenoid–vocalis muscle complex.

Selective laryngeal adductor denervation-reinnervation surgery for ADSD (laryngeal adductor spasmodic dysphonia).

Botulinum toxin, used to manage voice issues.

Laryngeal adductor spasmodic dysphonia, a voice disorder.

A procedure that uses a chemical to reduce nerve activity.

Using electromyography (EMG) to accurately place injections.

Primary cricoarytenoid muscle, involved in voice production.

Injecting toxin through the cricoid cartilage.

A voice disorder caused by involuntary muscle spasms in the larynx, leading to strained, breathy, or choked voice.

A type of spasmodic dysphonia where the muscles that close the vocal cords (adductors) involuntarily contract, leading to a strained or strangled voice.

A neurological disorder where involuntary muscle contractions affect a specific part of the body, like the larynx in spasmodic dysphonia.

A neurotoxin produced by bacteria that is injected into the larynx to weaken the muscles causing spasms.

A group of muscles in the larynx that control vocal cord movement and contribute to voice production.

A procedure where a needle is inserted through the skin to deliver medicine, often for a specific muscle.

A specialized type of EMG that examines the electrical activity of a single muscle fiber, revealing subtle changes.

A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. This condition affects movement, and in some cases, speech, and can range from mild to severe.

A type of dystonia where twisting movements are the primary symptom, and the only other sign is tremor. This type is often inherited.

A type of dystonia affecting two or more contiguous body regions.

A type of focal dystonia affecting the eyelids, causing involuntary spasms and forced eye closure.

A type of focal dystonia affecting the face, jaw, and tongue, resulting in involuntary movements.

A type of focal dystonia that affects the neck muscles, causing the head to tilt or turn involuntarily.

A type of focal dystonia that affects the hand muscles, causing involuntary spasms and difficulty writing.

A type of dystonia affecting multiple body regions, including the trunk, arms, and legs.

The brightest single-color light known, used in various fields like research, communication, manufacturing, medicine, and everyday life.

Lasers have revolutionized otolaryngology by providing precise and effective treatment options for head and neck disorders.

A type of laser used in otolaryngology, known for its effectiveness in tissue cutting and ablation.

A device used to deliver CO2 laser to remote targets in otolaryngology, allowing for precise and versatile surgery.

Strict protocols to ensure the safe use of lasers in medical settings, including individual credentialing for each laser and proper training.

The discovery of laser light's interaction with tissue led to its adoption as a medical tool.

Early research on lasers focused on studying their effects on the retina, a crucial part of the eye.

Beyond surgery, lasers are also used in diagnosing various medical conditions.

The process where a laser's energy is taken in by the targeted tissue.

When an excited atom releases a photon of light due to the influence of another photon.

When an excited atom spontaneously releases a photon of light, returning to a lower energy state.

The scientific study of lasers, their properties, and how they interact with matter.

A laser that emits a continuous beam of light, like a constant stream. The intensity remains stable and is controlled by an external shutter.

A laser that emits light in short bursts or pulses. The intensity varies depending on the duration and frequency of these pulses, allowing for precise control.

A type of pulsed laser using a flashlamp to excite a dye medium, generating pulses lasting milliseconds.

A type of laser commonly used in surgery, particularly for tissue cutting and ablation. It can be delivered through a fiber optic cable, offering flexibility and precision.

A type of laser that removes tissue by vaporizing it, creating a precise cut.

A laser that targets blood vessels, often used for cosmetic treatments. It creates heat, collapsing the vessels without damaging surrounding tissue.

The process of stopping bleeding. Lasers can enhance hemostasis by sealing blood vessels during surgical procedures.