30 Questions
What is the literal meaning of the term 'Myasthenia Gravis'?
A grave muscle weakness
Which muscle group is primarily affected in Myasthenia Gravis?
Skeletal muscles
What is the typical pattern of muscle weakness experienced by individuals with Myasthenia Gravis?
Weakness that worsens with repetitive movements
Which of the following is a common symptom of Myasthenia Gravis?
Diplopia (double vision)
Which population is most commonly affected by Myasthenia Gravis?
Young women in their 20s and 30s, as well as older men in their 60s and 70s
What is the role of acetylcholine in normal muscle contraction?
It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cell membranes
What is the type of hypersensitivity reaction involved in Myasthenia Gravis?
Type II hypersensitivity
What is the result of the autoimmune response in Myasthenia Gravis?
Cytotoxic injury and death of the muscle cells
What is the effect of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies on muscle cells?
They activate the classical complement pathway, leading to inflammation and destruction of muscle cells.
What is the function of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of MG?
They stop the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing its concentration.
What is the effect of immunosuppressive drugs, such as prednisone, in the treatment of MG?
They reduce the production of autoantibodies.
What is the result of the production of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibodies in MG?
Destruction of healthy muscle cells.
What is the consequence of certain muscles being affected in MG?
Patients may experience Myasthenic Crisis, a life-threatening manifestation of the disease.
What is the effect of surgical removal of the thymus in the treatment of MG?
It reduces muscle weakness.
What is the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal neurons?
Promoting the acquisition of spatial memory and learning
What allows CCR6-expressing Th17 cells to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during an autoimmune disease?
Expression of the chemokine CCL20 by the choroid plexus
What is a primary function of CD4+ T-cells in the context of neuroimmunology?
Modulating learning and memory processes
What immune cells accumulate in the subarachnoid space during cognitive tasks in a healthy brain?
Th2 cells
Which molecule is NOT mentioned as a mediator in neuroimmune interactions?
Antibodies
What is the effect of IL-4 secretion during cognitive tasks?
Stimulation of astroglia to produce BDNF
Which cells mediate the destruction of the myelin sheath in autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)?
CCR6-expressing Th17 cells
Which neurotransmitter mentioned modulates immune activity?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following statements correctly describes neuroimmunology?
It studies the interactions between the nervous and immune systems in both health and disease.
What function does the autonomic nervous system serve in controlling immune responses?
Balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses
What is the primary outcome of astroglia stimulation by IL-4 in the brain?
Production of BDNF
What role do T cell-mediated responses play in neuroimmunology?
They have a key role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Which cell type primarily contributes to nervous system modulation?
CD4+ T-cells
What happens during an inflammatory response controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
The body's defense system remains strong while avoiding harm from overly aggressive responses
How does the autonomic nervous system affect the immune system?
Through modulation via neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine
Which nervous system disease is linked with immune disturbance?
Multiple sclerosis
This quiz covers the basics of neuroimmunology, including the relationship between the nervous and immune systems, and how they affect each other. It also explores nervous system diseases related to immune responses and disturbances.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
