Neuroimmunology Lecture
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Questions and Answers

What is the literal meaning of the term 'Myasthenia Gravis'?

  • An autoimmune disease
  • A neurological disorder
  • A grave muscle weakness (correct)
  • A type of muscle disease

    • Which muscle group is primarily affected in Myasthenia Gravis?

  • Smooth muscles
  • Skeletal muscles (correct)
  • Striated muscles
  • Cardiac muscles

    • What is the typical pattern of muscle weakness experienced by individuals with Myasthenia Gravis?

  • Weakness that worsens with repetitive movements (correct)
  • Weakness that improves with repetitive movements
  • Gradual weakening over time
  • Sudden onset of weakness

    • Which of the following is a common symptom of Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Diplopia (double vision)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is most commonly affected by Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Young women in their 20s and 30s, as well as older men in their 60s and 70s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetylcholine in normal muscle contraction?

    <p>It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of hypersensitivity reaction involved in Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Type II hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the autoimmune response in Myasthenia Gravis?

    <p>Cytotoxic injury and death of the muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies on muscle cells?

    <p>They activate the classical complement pathway, leading to inflammation and destruction of muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of MG?

    <p>They stop the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing its concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of immunosuppressive drugs, such as prednisone, in the treatment of MG?

    <p>They reduce the production of autoantibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the production of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibodies in MG?

    <p>Destruction of healthy muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of certain muscles being affected in MG?

    <p>Patients may experience Myasthenic Crisis, a life-threatening manifestation of the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of surgical removal of the thymus in the treatment of MG?

    <p>It reduces muscle weakness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal neurons?

    <p>Promoting the acquisition of spatial memory and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows CCR6-expressing Th17 cells to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during an autoimmune disease?

    <p>Expression of the chemokine CCL20 by the choroid plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of CD4+ T-cells in the context of neuroimmunology?

    <p>Modulating learning and memory processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immune cells accumulate in the subarachnoid space during cognitive tasks in a healthy brain?

    <p>Th2 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is NOT mentioned as a mediator in neuroimmune interactions?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of IL-4 secretion during cognitive tasks?

    <p>Stimulation of astroglia to produce BDNF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells mediate the destruction of the myelin sheath in autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)?

    <p>CCR6-expressing Th17 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter mentioned modulates immune activity?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes neuroimmunology?

    <p>It studies the interactions between the nervous and immune systems in both health and disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the autonomic nervous system serve in controlling immune responses?

    <p>Balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of astroglia stimulation by IL-4 in the brain?

    <p>Production of BDNF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do T cell-mediated responses play in neuroimmunology?

    <p>They have a key role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type primarily contributes to nervous system modulation?

    <p>CD4+ T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during an inflammatory response controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>The body's defense system remains strong while avoiding harm from overly aggressive responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the autonomic nervous system affect the immune system?

    <p>Through modulation via neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system disease is linked with immune disturbance?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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