Neuroimmunology Lecture

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the literal meaning of the term 'Myasthenia Gravis'?

  • An autoimmune disease
  • A neurological disorder
  • A grave muscle weakness (correct)
  • A type of muscle disease

Which muscle group is primarily affected in Myasthenia Gravis?

  • Smooth muscles
  • Skeletal muscles (correct)
  • Striated muscles
  • Cardiac muscles

What is the typical pattern of muscle weakness experienced by individuals with Myasthenia Gravis?

  • Weakness that worsens with repetitive movements (correct)
  • Weakness that improves with repetitive movements
  • Gradual weakening over time
  • Sudden onset of weakness

Which of the following is a common symptom of Myasthenia Gravis?

<p>Diplopia (double vision) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population is most commonly affected by Myasthenia Gravis?

<p>Young women in their 20s and 30s, as well as older men in their 60s and 70s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetylcholine in normal muscle contraction?

<p>It binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cell membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of hypersensitivity reaction involved in Myasthenia Gravis?

<p>Type II hypersensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the autoimmune response in Myasthenia Gravis?

<p>Cytotoxic injury and death of the muscle cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies on muscle cells?

<p>They activate the classical complement pathway, leading to inflammation and destruction of muscle cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of MG?

<p>They stop the breakdown of acetylcholine, increasing its concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of immunosuppressive drugs, such as prednisone, in the treatment of MG?

<p>They reduce the production of autoantibodies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the production of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase antibodies in MG?

<p>Destruction of healthy muscle cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of certain muscles being affected in MG?

<p>Patients may experience Myasthenic Crisis, a life-threatening manifestation of the disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of surgical removal of the thymus in the treatment of MG?

<p>It reduces muscle weakness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal neurons?

<p>Promoting the acquisition of spatial memory and learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows CCR6-expressing Th17 cells to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during an autoimmune disease?

<p>Expression of the chemokine CCL20 by the choroid plexus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of CD4+ T-cells in the context of neuroimmunology?

<p>Modulating learning and memory processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immune cells accumulate in the subarachnoid space during cognitive tasks in a healthy brain?

<p>Th2 cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is NOT mentioned as a mediator in neuroimmune interactions?

<p>Antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of IL-4 secretion during cognitive tasks?

<p>Stimulation of astroglia to produce BDNF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells mediate the destruction of the myelin sheath in autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)?

<p>CCR6-expressing Th17 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter mentioned modulates immune activity?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes neuroimmunology?

<p>It studies the interactions between the nervous and immune systems in both health and disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the autonomic nervous system serve in controlling immune responses?

<p>Balancing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of astroglia stimulation by IL-4 in the brain?

<p>Production of BDNF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do T cell-mediated responses play in neuroimmunology?

<p>They have a key role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type primarily contributes to nervous system modulation?

<p>CD4+ T-cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during an inflammatory response controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

<p>The body's defense system remains strong while avoiding harm from overly aggressive responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the autonomic nervous system affect the immune system?

<p>Through modulation via neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system disease is linked with immune disturbance?

<p>Multiple sclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser