Neuroimaging Techniques Overview
24 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a significant limitation of non-invasive imaging methods such as MRI and PET?

  • They require invasive techniques.
  • They have poor spatial resolution.
  • They can only measure structural changes.
  • They have poor temporal resolution. (correct)
  • What aspect do observation methods primarily help to identify in brain activity?

  • If a region is active or inactive. (correct)
  • The necessary functions of each brain region.
  • The specific types of neurotransmitters being released.
  • Whether a region is necessary for cognitive functions.
  • Which grouping method for analyzing lesion patients focuses on the effects of a specific behavioral symptom?

  • Group by lesion location
  • Group by syndrome
  • Group by behavioral symptom (correct)
  • Group by functional connectivity
  • What does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) temporarily disrupt?

    <p>Cognitive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the advantages of using TMS is that it provides which of the following?

    <p>Controlled and focal disruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can group studies enhance the understanding of structure-function relationships?

    <p>By establishing general patterns with more precision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary question that methods of interference help to answer?

    <p>What functions remain when a region is disrupted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation exists when using neuropsychological experiments?

    <p>They cannot account for brain reorganization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Provides protective cushioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the association cortex?

    <p>Making associations between various inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about hemispheric specialization is true?

    <p>The left hemisphere is primarily responsible for speech and grammar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the environment affect genetic expression?

    <p>It alters how genetic traits develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?

    <p>Corpus callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the somatosensory cortex located?

    <p>In the parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the endocrine system?

    <p>To regulate the body by secreting hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is essential for detecting a signal in neuroimaging?

    <p>Parallel geometric configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary disadvantage of EEG?

    <p>Poor spatial resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of imaging technique uses a radioactive tracer to measure blood flow?

    <p>Positron Emission Tomography (PET)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fMRI detect changes in neural activity?

    <p>By detecting the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of using EEG for brain research?

    <p>Very high temporal resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can neuroscientists infer using functional MRI?

    <p>Which finger a subject is about to move</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique provides insights into electrical activity in the brain?

    <p>Electroencephalography (EEG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the fMRI signal based on hemoglobin properties?

    <p>Oxygenation level of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electroencephalography (EEG)

    • Electrodes are placed on the scalp to measure electrical activity caused by neural activity.
    • The EEG signal is averaged over many occurrences to reduce the effects of random neural firing. Averaging is done on the same event (e.g., stimulus onset, button press).
    • Electrodes record positive and negative peaks.
    • The timing and amplitude of these peaks reflect cognitive processes.

    Requirements for detecting EEG signals

    • Synchrony
    • Spatial proximity
    • Parallel geometric configuration

    Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

    • Measures local blood flow (rCBF).
    • A radioactive tracer is injected into the bloodstream.
    • The tracer takes up to 30 seconds to peak.

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

    • Information processing, neural activity, venous oxygenation, and fMRI signal increase.

    Neuropsychological Patients

    • The methods of interference investigate the impact of interfering with a brain region (for example; damaging or removing a region) to understand the role of that region - or its removal - in a cognitive function. By removing or interfering with a brain region, researchers can determine what other functions are still there to determine what functions are affected and the importance of their location.
    • Studying patients with brain lesions to determine the role of certain regions.

    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

    • Temporarily disrupts cognitive function (virtual lesion).
    • A coil with electric current is placed near the head. A rapid current change creates a magnetic field.
    • Induces current in nearby neurons.

    Deep Brain Stimulation

    • Temporary brain effects, without brain reorganization.
    • A focal lesion in a way that's similar to other research methods.
    • Controllable by the researcher.

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • Located in ventricles, surrounding the brain.
    • Provides protective cushioning (buoyancy).
    • Regulates the extracellular environment (waste, hormones).

    Cerebral Cortex

    • The outermost layer of the brain.
    • Four lobes (occipital, temporal, frontal, parietal) which have specific functions.

    Hemispheres

    • The two halves of the brain, connected by the corpus callosum.
    • Have specialized functions (left hemisphere primarily involved in verbal processing, speech, grammar; right hemisphere involved in spatial perception, visual recognition, emotion).

    Genes and Environment

    • Genotype refers to genetic makeup.
    • Phenotype refers to observable characteristics (physical and psychological).
    • Gene X environment interaction describes how genes and experience work together.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    This quiz explores various neuroimaging techniques such as EEG, PET, and MRI. Understand how these methods measure neural activity and blood flow, and their applications in studying neuropsychological patients. Dive into the principles behind each method and their significance in cognitive processes.

    More Like This

    Neuroimaging Techniques Quiz
    5 questions
    Chapter 2
    16 questions

    Chapter 2

    SteadfastMeitnerium avatar
    SteadfastMeitnerium
    Structural and Functional Neuroimaging
    37 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser