Neuroimaging in Unresponsive Patients
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the primary motor cortex?

  • To control voluntary movements (correct)
  • To process visual information from the opposite visual field
  • To formulate plans and make judgments
  • To receive auditory information
  • Which area of the brain is responsible for language processing?

  • Primary visual cortex
  • Broca's and Wernicke's Areas (correct)
  • Primary somatosensory cortex
  • Primary auditory cortex
  • What is the term for the difficulty in producing or comprehending speech caused by brain damage?

  • Dyslexia
  • Amnesia
  • Anomia
  • Aphasia (correct)
  • What is the term for the speech pattern characterized by halting, labored, and ungrammatical speech, often with omitted function words?

    <p>Expressive aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is involved in processing somatosensory information?

    <p>Parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the finding of the study by Powell, Lewis, Roberts et al. (2012) regarding the size of the frontal lobe?

    <p>It is directly related to the size of the person's social network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

    <p>Controlling the autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is responsible for directing messages to sensory receiving areas in the cortex?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the default mode network (DMN)?

    <p>Enabling self-referential thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is associated with the 'four f's': fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Regulating movement and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is involved in the processing of emotional expressions?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the limbic system?

    <p>Processing emotional information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is responsible for coordinating voluntary movement and balance?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?

    <p>Interconnecting corresponding regions of the association cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is associated with the release of dopamine in drug addiction?

    <p>Nucleus accumbens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To stimulate increased heart rate and energy expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the brain would a coronal section pass through?

    <p>Parallel to the forehead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between the forebrain and other parts of the brain?

    <p>It is the part of the brain that best distinguishes us from other animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the body?

    <p>Ipsilateral is located on the same side of the body, while contralateral is located on opposite sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basal ganglia?

    <p>Coordination of voluntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a slice through the brain parallel to the ground?

    <p>Transverse section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is involved in speaking and muscle movements?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the structure and function of the nervous system?

    <p>Neuroanatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>To coordinate the body's internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network of neurons that is active when a person is not focused on the outside world?

    <p>Default Mode Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of asking participants to think of scenarios that elicit emotions such as disgust or envy?

    <p>To determine the neural activation patterns corresponding to different emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study by Just, Cherkassky, Buchweitz et al. (2014), what is the accuracy of distinguishing between individuals with autism and controls using fMRI cortical activation patterns?

    <p>97%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of how individuals with autism think about words related to social interactions?

    <p>They think about them more like definitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was observed in self-related brain regions in patients with suicidal ideation when thinking about death-related words?

    <p>Significantly more activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of asking the 23-year-old woman to imagine playing tennis in the study?

    <p>To investigate the neural basis of unconscious communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why cochlear implants are most effective when given before age 2?

    <p>The auditory cortex is more malleable in young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of constraint-induced therapy?

    <p>To rewire the brain by restraining a fully functioning limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using fMRI cortical activation patterns to distinguish between individuals with autism and controls?

    <p>It can identify underlying neural mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of neuroplasticity in children, as evident in brain reorganization following damage?

    <p>It is enhanced in very young children who are given hemispherectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the finding of fMRI scans in behaviorally unresponsive patients, as revealed by Owen, Coleman, Boly et al. (2006) and Owen (2014)?

    <p>Activity in regions similar to a healthy person's brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the therapy that involves instructing patients to answer yes to a question by imagining playing tennis?

    <p>To enable a 'conversation' with some unresponsive patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of repurposing the auditory cortex in individuals who are deaf from birth?

    <p>The auditory cortex becomes less available for hearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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