Willpower Ch: 5
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of self-awareness according to psychologists Carver and Scheier?

  • It promotes social interaction and friendships.
  • It increases physical fitness and health.
  • It enhances creativity and artistic expression.
  • It aids in self-regulation. (correct)

In the experiments involving a mirror, what behavior change was observed in participants when they could see themselves?

  • They were more likely to follow direct orders without question.
  • They showed more restraint and less aggression. (correct)
  • They exhibited increased generosity towards others.
  • They became confused and indecisive in their actions.

What brain region was monitored to assess spending behavior in the study?

  • Prefrontal Cortex
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
  • Insula (correct)

What impact does alcohol have on self-awareness and behavior?

<p>It reduces the ability to monitor one's own behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the spendthrifts react to the prices of items during the study?

<p>They showed no significant reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intervention increased activation in the insula of the spendthrift?

<p>Flashing an image of their most recent Visa bill. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Anthony Trollope monitor his writing progress?

<p>He used a diary to track daily word counts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What business did the author create after realizing the inefficiency of tracking his finances manually?

<p>Mint.com (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of behavior does Mint.com primarily monitor for its users?

<p>Spending habits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who provided advice to the spendthrift about budgeting and spending?

<p>Charles Darwin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main criticism directed at Trollope's writing technique?

<p>It focused too much on numerical goals and monitoring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What software did Aaron Patzer use to manage his finances?

<p>Quicken (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is NOT mentioned as being able to pass the mirror self-recognition test?

<p>Dog (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common behavior observed when individuals experience self-awareness in a social context?

<p>They work harder on tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers conclude about self-awareness and the standards individuals use to evaluate themselves?

<p>Self-awareness involves comparing to various standards, not just ideals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Esther Dyson believe about the Quantified Self movement?

<p>It represents a revolutionary new industry promoting health. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool did Trollope primarily use to manage his writing tasks?

<p>A diary and a watch. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a surprising result from Tony Wright's analysis using RescueTime?

<p>A significant amount of time is wasted on unrelated website visits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-quantification encourage individuals to do?

<p>Monitor their behaviors to improve discipline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of modern technology does the text suggest has an impact on productivity?

<p>The necessity of using multiple software programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neuroeconomists

Researchers studying the brain's role in economic decisions.

Insula Region

Brain region activated by unpleasant or distasteful experiences (e.g., seeing a high price, or a large debt).

Spendthrift

Someone who spends money wastefully.

Credit Card Debt

Money owed to credit card companies for purchases made on credit.

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Functional MRI

A type of brain scanning that measures brain activity.

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Intervention

An action taken to modify an undesirable behavior.

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Budget

A plan for managing money, limiting expenses to income.

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Self-control

The ability to control one's impulses and actions.

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Self-awareness

Comparing oneself to standards of how one should be, which can evoke feelings of unhappiness due to perceived imperfections.

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Monitoring Behavior (Self-control)

Tracking behavior, finances, or other personal data to gain insight and implement improvements.

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Mirror Test

A test that observes if an animal recognizes its reflection as itself, rather than another animal.

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Mint.com

A company that electronically tracks personal finances to improve self-control and monitoring.

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Standards (Self-awareness)

Ideas about how one should be—ideals, or personal standards defining perfection, used to compare oneself in an act of self-awareness.

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Evolutionary Advantage of Self-awareness

While self-awareness often leads to negative feelings, there is an evolutionary reason for its persistence (although not fully explained here).

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Self-awareness

The ability to understand and recognize one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

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Self-regulation

The ability to control one's actions and emotions in response to internal or external stimuli.

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Evolution of self-awareness

Self-awareness evolved to aid self-regulation, improving survival and social inclusion.

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Mirror Experiment

Studies showing that mirrors increase self-awareness, prompting better self-control and adherence to personal values.

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Self-awareness and Alcohol

Alcohol consumption reduces self-awareness, leading to reduced self-control and potentially problematic behavior.

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Social Comparison

Comparing our current selves to our past selves, often leading to a sense of improvement (even if not objectively true).

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Willpower and Self-awareness

Willpower needs self-awareness to be effective. Without self-awareness, willpower is useless.

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Quantified Self (Trollope)

Anthony Trollope's method of meticulously tracking and monitoring his writing output to maintain productivity and quality.

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Monitoring and Behavior

Regularly monitoring one's behavior allows for consistent adjustment towards desired standards or values.

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Self-quantification

The act of tracking and measuring personal data to improve understanding and management of behavior, health, or other aspects of one's life.

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Quantified Self (QS) Movement

A community of individuals focused on self-tracking through various technologies for self-improvement and data analysis.

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RescueTime

A program that tracks computer usage to provide reports on how time is spent, often revealing unproductive activities.

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Information Porn

Time spent browsing irrelevant websites or online content that isn't directly related to productive work, but may be interesting.

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Trollope's productivity

Trollope's ability to consistently produce high-quality writing, which was aided by a structured daily routine and tools like a watch and diary.

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Time management

The process of planning, organizing, and controlling the use of time in order to effectively achieve goals.

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Tracking finances

Recording income and expenses to gain control of personal finances, allowing for better budgeting and decision-making.

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Study Notes

Neuroeconomics and Self-Control

  • Neuroeconomists monitored brain activity (insula) during shopping.
  • Tightwads showed disgust at prices, spendthrifts did not.
  • Spendthrift Tierney's insula showed little reaction to spending.
  • Showing Tierney's Visa bill activated insula disgust.

Monitoring Spending

  • Charles Darwin advised his son to monitor spending.
  • Aaron Patzer created Mint.com to automate expense tracking.
  • Mint.com computerizes financial monitoring for millions of users.
  • Computers and self-monitoring tools can aid in self-awareness.

Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation

  • Self-awareness involves comparing self to standards, not always ideals.
  • Self-awareness helps with self-regulation, reducing aggressive behavior.
  • Self-awareness enhances self-control, particularly in social situations.
  • Monitoring behavior helps curb impulsive spending and alcohol abuse.

The Quantified Self

  • Monitoring personal data is part of a growing tech trend.
  • People use technology to track various aspects of their lives.
  • Self-monitoring is linked to health and productivity gains.
  • Esther Dyson is a proponent of self-quantification.

Tracking Financial Spending

  • Mint.com categorizes and analyzes spending patterns.
  • Mint.com sends summaries, alerts, and progress reports.
  • Mint.com encourages responsible spending through goal-setting.
  • Gradual adjustments are recommended for financial improvements.

Comparative Analysis and Motivation

  • Reflecting on progress boosts satisfaction with current tasks.
  • Focusing on future goals fuels motivation and ambition.
  • Comparing oneself to others, including neighbors, creates more pressure toward improvement.
  • Sharing data with others through social networks has more impact on monitoring.
  • Public information regarding behavior is more effective in changing habitual behavior.

Types of Spendthrifts

  • Spending binges may be linked to mood fluctuations.
  • Misregulation refers to the belief of buying to regulate mood.
  • Hyperopia is excessive focus on future expenses.
  • Spending and saving extremes can lead to dissatisfaction.

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Description

This quiz explores the intersection of neuroeconomics, self-control, and the impact of self-awareness on behavior. It covers concepts from monitoring spending habits to understanding brain activity associated with financial decisions. Participants will learn about tools like Mint.com that aid in self-regulation and the broader trend of the Quantified Self.

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