Neurodegenerative Disorders Lecture: Loss of Neurons and Cognitive Abnormalities

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What is the typical progression of Lewy body dementia?

Progresses over 10 to 15 years, eventually producing severe motor slowing or near immobility (correct)

Progresses over 5 to 10 years, eventually producing severe motor slowing or near immobility

Progresses over 15 to 20 years, eventually producing severe motor slowing or near immobility

Progresses rapidly, producing severe motor slowing or near immobility within 5 years

What is the relationship between Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's disease?

Lewy body dementia occurs when the cortex is involved, in addition to the basal ganglia as in Parkinson's disease (correct)

Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's disease are completely unrelated conditions

Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's disease have no overlapping symptoms

Lewy body dementia is a subtype of Parkinson's disease

What is the primary cause of death in patients with Lewy body dementia?

Kidney failure

Aspiration pneumonia or trauma from falls caused by postural instability (correct)

Respiratory failure

Heart failure

How does the effectiveness of L-DOPA treatment change over the course of Lewy body dementia?

L-DOPA is initially effective, but becomes less effective with disease progression Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between fine and coarse tremors in Parkinson's disease?

Fine tremors are seen in hyperthyroidism or hypoglycemia, while coarse tremors are seen in Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

How does the slowed movement (bradykinesia) affect a Parkinson's patient's gait?

Patients take shorter steps and have difficulty initiating movement Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes neurodegenerative diseases involving the cortex?

Memory loss, behavioral changes, and language difficulties Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by difficulty in swallowing and respiratory problems due to muscle weakness?

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Parkinson's Disease?

Loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra Signup and view all the answers

Which disease presents as a hypokinetic movement disorder?

Parkinson's Disease Signup and view all the answers

What neurological symptom is associated with diseases affecting the cerebellum?

Ataxia Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases involve cognitive abnormalities like memory loss and behavior changes?

Frontotemporal Dementia and Pick Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of CAG repeats and the age of onset of the disease?

More CAG repeats lead to an earlier age of onset. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of further expansions of CAG repeats during spermatogenesis?

Early onset disease in the next generation. Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region shows striking atrophy in Huntington's disease?

Caudate nucleus and putamen Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of neurons that are especially sensitive and disappear early in Huntington's disease affected regions?

Spiny neurons releasing GABA, enkephalin, dynorphin, and substance P Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the intranuclear inclusions seen in Huntington's disease?

They contain aggregates of ubiquitinated huntingtin protein. Signup and view all the answers

How do larger numbers of CAG repeats influence disease onset in Huntington's?

Lead to earlier onset due to proteolysis and aggregation of the mutant protein. Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease?

Parkinsonism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the resting tremor in Parkinsonism?

It is a coarse tremor that disappears with movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Parkinsonism?

Damage to dopaminergic neurons projecting from the substantia nigra to the striatum Signup and view all the answers

What is the key diagnostic feature of Parkinsonism?

Lewy bodies containing $\alpha$-synuclein Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism that leads to neuronal loss in Parkinsonism?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How does Parkinsonism differ from Parkinson's disease?

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome, while Parkinson's disease is a specific neurodegenerative disorder Signup and view all the answers

Neurodegenerative Disorders Lecture: Loss of Neurons and Cognitive Abnormalities

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