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Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between neurocognitive disorders and intellectual disability?
What is the primary distinction between neurocognitive disorders and intellectual disability?
Which term replaced 'organic mental disorders' in the classification of cognitive disorders?
Which term replaced 'organic mental disorders' in the classification of cognitive disorders?
Which cognitive function is primarily impaired in individuals suffering from delirium?
Which cognitive function is primarily impaired in individuals suffering from delirium?
What is the most common population affected by delirium?
What is the most common population affected by delirium?
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What was a significant issue with the previous term 'organic' in describing certain mental disorders?
What was a significant issue with the previous term 'organic' in describing certain mental disorders?
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How does the DSM-5 categorize delirium compared to dementia?
How does the DSM-5 categorize delirium compared to dementia?
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Which cognitive disorder does NOT usually involve a temporary state?
Which cognitive disorder does NOT usually involve a temporary state?
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What percentage of patients in acute care settings experience delirium?
What percentage of patients in acute care settings experience delirium?
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What primarily characterizes major neurocognitive disorder?
What primarily characterizes major neurocognitive disorder?
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Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of mild neurocognitive disorder?
Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of mild neurocognitive disorder?
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What is agnosia in the context of neurocognitive disorders?
What is agnosia in the context of neurocognitive disorders?
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Which condition is commonly associated with irreversible neurocognitive impairment?
Which condition is commonly associated with irreversible neurocognitive impairment?
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What emotional changes might occur in individuals with neurocognitive disorders?
What emotional changes might occur in individuals with neurocognitive disorders?
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How does the risk of developing neurocognitive disorder change with age?
How does the risk of developing neurocognitive disorder change with age?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with neurocognitive disorders?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with neurocognitive disorders?
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What is one of the most significant challenges when implementing programs aimed at reducing delirium in hospitals?
What is one of the most significant challenges when implementing programs aimed at reducing delirium in hospitals?
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What is the predominant cognitive impairment observed in individuals with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease?
What is the predominant cognitive impairment observed in individuals with neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease?
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Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease?
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease?
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Which of the following cognitive deficits is characterized by difficulty in recognizing objects?
Which of the following cognitive deficits is characterized by difficulty in recognizing objects?
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What typically exacerbates symptoms in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease later in the day?
What typically exacerbates symptoms in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease later in the day?
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Alzheimer's disease was first described by which psychiatrist?
Alzheimer's disease was first described by which psychiatrist?
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Which aspect of life is significantly impacted by neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease?
Which aspect of life is significantly impacted by neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease?
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Which of the following is a common behavioral change in the later stages of Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a common behavioral change in the later stages of Alzheimer's disease?
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Which neurocognitive disorder is characterized by progressive memory impairment and behavioral issues first described in the early 20th century?
Which neurocognitive disorder is characterized by progressive memory impairment and behavioral issues first described in the early 20th century?
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What is a characteristic symptom of neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury?
What is a characteristic symptom of neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury?
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Which demographic is at the highest risk for traumatic brain injury?
Which demographic is at the highest risk for traumatic brain injury?
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Which of the following is a symptom of neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease?
Which of the following is a symptom of neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease?
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What is a common symptom noted in individuals with Parkinson's disease-related neurocognitive disorder?
What is a common symptom noted in individuals with Parkinson's disease-related neurocognitive disorder?
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What percentage of individuals with Parkinson's disease is estimated to develop neurocognitive disorder after ten years?
What percentage of individuals with Parkinson's disease is estimated to develop neurocognitive disorder after ten years?
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How is the neurocognitive disorder resulting from HIV described?
How is the neurocognitive disorder resulting from HIV described?
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Which symptom is often associated with neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection?
Which symptom is often associated with neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection?
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What role do Lewy bodies play in neurocognitive disorders?
What role do Lewy bodies play in neurocognitive disorders?
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What is a common cause of neurocognitive deficits, second only to Alzheimer’s disease?
What is a common cause of neurocognitive deficits, second only to Alzheimer’s disease?
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What cognitive disturbances are associated with vascular neurocognitive disorder according to DSM-5?
What cognitive disturbances are associated with vascular neurocognitive disorder according to DSM-5?
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What is the approximate prevalence of vascular neurocognitive disorder in people aged 70 to 75?
What is the approximate prevalence of vascular neurocognitive disorder in people aged 70 to 75?
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How does the risk of vascular neurocognitive disorder differ between men and women?
How does the risk of vascular neurocognitive disorder differ between men and women?
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What distinguishes the initial cognitive disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease from that in vascular neurocognitive disorder?
What distinguishes the initial cognitive disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease from that in vascular neurocognitive disorder?
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Which of the following statements about hormone use and Alzheimer's disease is true?
Which of the following statements about hormone use and Alzheimer's disease is true?
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What is Pick’s disease related to?
What is Pick’s disease related to?
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What percentage of individuals with neurocognitive impairment is attributed to Pick’s disease?
What percentage of individuals with neurocognitive impairment is attributed to Pick’s disease?
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What type of genetic inheritance pattern does Huntington’s disease exhibit?
What type of genetic inheritance pattern does Huntington’s disease exhibit?
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What is a potential cause of neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease?
What is a potential cause of neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease?
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Which cognitive disturbance is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder?
Which cognitive disturbance is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder?
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What was the public health response to the discovery of a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
What was the public health response to the discovery of a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
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What is the estimated occurrence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the general population?
What is the estimated occurrence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the general population?
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Which of the following cognitive impairments is specifically defined as the inability to carry out motor activities despite having intact motor function?
Which of the following cognitive impairments is specifically defined as the inability to carry out motor activities despite having intact motor function?
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Which of the following is a known factor that can contribute to substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder?
Which of the following is a known factor that can contribute to substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder?
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What connects the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad cow disease?
What connects the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad cow disease?
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What percentage of individuals experiencing delirium may die within a year?
What percentage of individuals experiencing delirium may die within a year?
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What common risk factor might increase susceptibility to delirium in older adults?
What common risk factor might increase susceptibility to delirium in older adults?
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Which of the following interventions is effective in preventing delirium during hospital stays?
Which of the following interventions is effective in preventing delirium during hospital stays?
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Which of the following is a concerning ethical issue related to delirium research?
Which of the following is a concerning ethical issue related to delirium research?
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What is a potential consequence of delirium that can impact physical health?
What is a potential consequence of delirium that can impact physical health?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as a trigger for delirium?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a trigger for delirium?
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Which of the following statements about delirium in children is true?
Which of the following statements about delirium in children is true?
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Which of the following is considered a preventive measure for delirium?
Which of the following is considered a preventive measure for delirium?
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What percentage of neurocognitive disorder cases is attributed to Alzheimer's disease?
What percentage of neurocognitive disorder cases is attributed to Alzheimer's disease?
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During which stage of Alzheimer's disease does cognitive deterioration progress most rapidly?
During which stage of Alzheimer's disease does cognitive deterioration progress most rapidly?
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At what age does Alzheimer's disease typically first appear?
At what age does Alzheimer's disease typically first appear?
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How does higher education level impact individuals with Alzheimer's disease?
How does higher education level impact individuals with Alzheimer's disease?
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What hypothesis suggests that education creates a mental reserve to help cope with cognitive deterioration?
What hypothesis suggests that education creates a mental reserve to help cope with cognitive deterioration?
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Which demographic group is reported to have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease?
Which demographic group is reported to have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease?
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What is the average survival time following an Alzheimer's diagnosis?
What is the average survival time following an Alzheimer's diagnosis?
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Which factor is suggested to relate to a delay in the onset of Alzheimer's symptoms?
Which factor is suggested to relate to a delay in the onset of Alzheimer's symptoms?
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Which of the following symptoms is associated with neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury?
Which of the following symptoms is associated with neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury?
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Who is at the greatest risk for developing neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury?
Who is at the greatest risk for developing neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury?
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What is a characteristic symptom of neurocognitive disorder due to Lewis body disease?
What is a characteristic symptom of neurocognitive disorder due to Lewis body disease?
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Which of the following is a motor problem associated with neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson's disease?
Which of the following is a motor problem associated with neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson's disease?
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What is a primary characteristic of neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection?
What is a primary characteristic of neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection?
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Which statement accurately describes the progression of neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease?
Which statement accurately describes the progression of neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease?
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In individuals with Parkinson's disease, what percentage is estimated to develop neurocognitive disorder after surviving more than ten years?
In individuals with Parkinson's disease, what percentage is estimated to develop neurocognitive disorder after surviving more than ten years?
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What common feature does neurocognitive disorder due to both HIV infection and Parkinson’s disease share?
What common feature does neurocognitive disorder due to both HIV infection and Parkinson’s disease share?
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What is a key characteristic that differentiates mild neurocognitive disorder from major neurocognitive disorder?
What is a key characteristic that differentiates mild neurocognitive disorder from major neurocognitive disorder?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with major neurocognitive disorder?
Which symptom is commonly associated with major neurocognitive disorder?
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Which of the following conditions can lead to reversible neurocognitive impairment?
Which of the following conditions can lead to reversible neurocognitive impairment?
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What aspect of cognitive functioning is typically first affected in individuals with neurocognitive disorders?
What aspect of cognitive functioning is typically first affected in individuals with neurocognitive disorders?
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Which emotional change is often observed in individuals with neurocognitive disorders?
Which emotional change is often observed in individuals with neurocognitive disorders?
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How does the likelihood of developing neurocognitive disorders change with age?
How does the likelihood of developing neurocognitive disorders change with age?
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What is one of the major challenges in managing hospital programs for delirium?
What is one of the major challenges in managing hospital programs for delirium?
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Which cognitive function is typically preserved in individuals diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder?
Which cognitive function is typically preserved in individuals diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder?
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What distinguishes vascular neurocognitive disorder from Alzheimer’s disease?
What distinguishes vascular neurocognitive disorder from Alzheimer’s disease?
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What percentage of individuals over the age of 80 are estimated to have vascular neurocognitive disorder?
What percentage of individuals over the age of 80 are estimated to have vascular neurocognitive disorder?
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Which cognitive function is notably impaired in individuals with vascular neurocognitive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria?
Which cognitive function is notably impaired in individuals with vascular neurocognitive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria?
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Which statement accurately describes the risk of developing neurocognitive disorders among men and women?
Which statement accurately describes the risk of developing neurocognitive disorders among men and women?
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What role does estrogen potentially play in relation to Alzheimer's disease?
What role does estrogen potentially play in relation to Alzheimer's disease?
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What is the condition characterized by damage to the frontal or temporal regions of the brain affecting personality and language?
What is the condition characterized by damage to the frontal or temporal regions of the brain affecting personality and language?
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Which of the following is NOT true about Pick’s disease?
Which of the following is NOT true about Pick’s disease?
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What is a common hallmark symptom of individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?
What is a common hallmark symptom of individuals suffering from Alzheimer’s disease?
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What percentage of offspring is likely to inherit Huntington’s disease from an affected parent?
What percentage of offspring is likely to inherit Huntington’s disease from an affected parent?
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What is a known risk factor that may lead to substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder?
What is a known risk factor that may lead to substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder?
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What is the estimated prevalence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in individuals?
What is the estimated prevalence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in individuals?
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What is the connection between mad cow disease and the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
What is the connection between mad cow disease and the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
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Which protein is responsible for causing damage in neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease?
Which protein is responsible for causing damage in neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease?
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What cognitive disturbance is specifically defined as the inability to recognize objects despite having intact sensory function?
What cognitive disturbance is specifically defined as the inability to recognize objects despite having intact sensory function?
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What behavior prompted a ban on beef exports from the United Kingdom?
What behavior prompted a ban on beef exports from the United Kingdom?
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Study Notes
Neurocognitive Disorders
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Neurocognitive disorders develop later in life, unlike intellectual disability and specific learning disorders.
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Two main categories: delirium (temporary confusion) and mild/major neurocognitive disorder (progressive decline).
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Delirium is characterized by impaired consciousness and cognition (several hours/days).
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Symptoms include confusion, disorientation, difficulty concentrating, and memory/language problems.
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Commonly affects older adults, those in acute care settings, those with AIDS, and those undergoing medical procedures.
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Can have lasting effects, with high mortality risk.
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Major neurocognitive disorder (dementia) is characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, judgment, language, and other higher-level cognitive processes.
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Mild neurocognitive disorder is a new category (DSM-5) focusing on early cognitive decline.
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Can be caused by various medical conditions, substance abuse, or other factors.
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Delirium and neurocognitive disorder aren't mutually exclusive; they can co-exist.
Alzheimer's Disease
- First described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907.
- Characterized by progressive cognitive decline, particularly memory, orientation, judgment, and reasoning.
- Individuals experience difficulty integrating new information, forgetting important events/misplacing objects, and decreased interest in non-routine activities.
- Progression can lead to agitation, confusion, depression, and/or combative behavior.
- Early stages (memory impairment) and later stages (more severe cognitive decline) are noted.
Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
- Common cause of neurocognitive deficits.
- Caused by blocked/damaged blood vessels in the brain.
- Impairs blood flow, potentially damaging multiple areas.
- Profile of degeneration (cognitive impairments) varies among individuals.
- Prevalance higher in older adults, the risk being slightly higher in men, compared to Alzheimer's.
Other Medical Conditions Contributing to Neurocognitive Disorder
- Frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder (FTND): broadly defined disorder impacting frontal/temporal regions.
- Pick's disease: rare neurological condition with symptoms similar to Alzheimer's.
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI): symptoms persist past one week with impairments like executive function, and/or learning and memory.
- Lewy body disease: results in protein deposits harming brain cells associated with motor problems, visual hallucinations, and impaired alertness.
- Parkinson's disease: often precedes or accompanies neurocognitive disorder in 75% of cases.
- HIV infection: causes cognitive slowness, attention impairment, clumsiness, and repetitiveness.
Substance/Medication-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder
- Prolonged substance use (especially combined with poor diet) can damage the brain and lead to neurocognitive decline.
- Symptoms can persist beyond substance use.
- Impairments can include memory, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and executive function.
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Description
Explore the different types and symptoms of neurocognitive disorders, including delirium and dementia. This quiz covers their characteristics, causes, and impact on older adults. Understand the progression and significance of these disorders in cognitive health.
