Neurocognitive Disorders Case Studies
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Questions and Answers

What was Sarah's occupation before retirement?

  • Consultant (correct)
  • Teacher
  • Actor (correct)
  • Doctor

Sarah experienced a significant improvement in memory after starting treatment.

False (B)

What neurocognitive disorder was Sarah diagnosed with based on her symptoms?

  • Dementia
  • Alcohol-induced dementia
  • HIV associated neurocognitive disorder
  • Alzheimer's Disease (correct)

What type of medication was Sarah given to help limit memory loss?

<p>acetylcholine agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sarah has a family history of ______ disorders.

<p>neurocognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gina has shown a significant increase in her social interactions over the past six months.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Gina report feeling less of compared to six months ago?

<p>Energy or the desire to participate in activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many items was Sarah able to remember after six months of treatment?

<p>One (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gina has experienced a decline in her cognition of about __ to __ percent over the past six months.

<p>20–25</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sarah began to experience forgetful moments two years before seeking medical advice.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their corresponding individual:

<p>Sarah = Inability to care for herself Gina = Social isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Sarah's memory tasks at her initial visit?

<p>She remembered two out of four items</p> Signup and view all the answers

What behavior change did Gina experience that caused concern for her doctor?

<p>Hallucinations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of Sarah's case with their descriptions:

<p>Age = 78 years old Family History = Mother and aunt diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder Initial Memory Performance = Remembered 2 out of 4 items Long-term Outcome = Needed permanent care after progressing memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gina's alertness and attention were consistent over the past six months.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age is Gina?

<p>76 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern regarding Gina's memory task?

<p>She was unable to recall one out of four items. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gina's doctor diagnosed her with Alzheimer's disease.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential treatment option for helping Gina with her memory issues?

<p>Cognitive therapy or medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gina's memory task involved recalling _____ out of four items.

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the diagnoses to their descriptions:

<p>Dementia with Lewy bodies = Caused by buildup of proteins in the brain Alzheimer's disease = Most common form of dementia Alcohol-induced dementia = Cognitive impairment from long-term alcohol abuse HIV associated neurocognitive disorder = Cognitive decline due to HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specialist would likely be recommended for Gina's further evaluation?

<p>Neurologist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Going to the doctor can help in diagnosing memory loss issues.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information might the physician use to discuss treatment options for Gina?

<p>Diagnostic testing results and medical history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neurocognitive Disorder in Sarah

Sarah, a 78-year-old woman, experienced progressive memory loss, eventually requiring permanent care.

Progressive memory loss

A gradual worsening of memory abilities over time.

Family history of NCD

Presence of neurocognitive disorders in relatives.

Acetylcholine agent

A medication intended to help limit memory loss by affecting acetylcholine.

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Mild cognitive loss

A slight but noticeable decline in cognitive abilities, observed over a couple of years.

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Memory tasks assessment

Evaluations to measure memory performance, in this case, recalling items.

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Specialist referral

Recommendation for specialized care to manage the memory-related condition.

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Treatment ineffectiveness

Failure of a treatment to halt or reverse the progression of the neurocognitive condition.

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Neurocognitive Disorder Diagnosis for Sarah

A diagnosis, based on memory loss progression and biological factors, was reached to identify a particular neurocognitive disorder in Sarah.

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Possible Diagnoses for Sarah

Possible diagnoses include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, alcohol-induced dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, or dementia, based on the symptoms provided in the case study.

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Gina's Age and Visit

76-year-old Gina visited her doctor for a regular check-up, reporting social withdrawal, hallucinations, and memory problems.

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Gina's Social Isolation

Gina has increasingly isolated herself socially, avoiding family and friends, which aligns with symptoms of potential neurocognitive disorders.

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Gina's Hallucinations

Gina reports experiencing hallucinations, a symptom potentially associated with various neurocognitive disorders, including Parkinson's disease.

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Gina's Cognitive Decline

Gina's family members observed a 20-25% decrease in her cognition over the past six months, indicating a significant cognitive decline.

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Gina's Reduced Activity

Gina's reduced activity level, including a decreased desire for walks and outdoor exercise, points towards a decline in physical and mental well-being potentially due to cognitive issues.

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Parkinson's Disease Suspicion

Gina's symptoms suggest potential Parkinson's disorder, which causes movement and cognitive impairments but requires a professional diagnosis for confirmation.

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Gina's Memory Loss

Gina, during a memory task at the doctor's, failed to recall one out of four items presented. This suggests potential memory impairment.

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Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)

A general term for a decline in cognitive abilities, affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. It can have various causes and severity.

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Treatment Options for NCD

Depending on the cause and severity, various approaches can be used for NCD, including medication, therapy, lifestyle changes, and support services.

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Dementia with Lewy Bodies

A type of dementia characterized by hallucinations, Parkinsonian symptoms, and fluctuations in alertness, distinct from Alzheimer's disease.

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Alzheimer's Disease

A progressive brain disorder causing severe memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes, ultimately leading to death.

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Alcohol-induced Dementia

A form of dementia caused by excessive alcohol abuse over a prolonged period, leading to cognitive impairment.

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HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder

A cognitive impairment occurring in people with HIV infection, linked to the virus's impact on the brain.

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Study Notes

Neurocognitive Disorders Case Studies

  • Case Study: Sarah: 78-year-old female, outspoken, former actor and consultant. Family and patient noticed increasing forgetfulness over two years. Mother and aunt had similar conditions. Sarah was diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder. Had memory problems, and was treated with an acetylcholine agent; the treatment slowed cognitive decline for three years, but permanent care was needed.

  • Case Study: Gina: 76-year-old female. Recently socially isolated, had hallucinations and symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. Experiencing memory loss, decreased participation in usual activities, and decreased alertness/attention. Reported a 20-25% decline in cognition over 6 months. Diagnosis is not specified directly in the text.

  • Learning Objectives: Identify neurological disorders in case studies.

  • Think It Over: Treatment options for Gina and Sarah. Specialists to refer patients to, tests/exams necessary for diagnosis. Specific treatment focus for each case.

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Related Documents

Case Studies: Neurocognitive Disorders PDF

Description

Explore detailed case studies examining neurocognitive disorders through the experiences of two elderly women. Discuss their symptoms, diagnoses, and treatment options while identifying neurological disorders. Enhance your understanding of appropriate referrals and necessary tests in managing such cases.

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