Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which area showed significant activity in relation to social conformity?
Which area showed significant activity in relation to social conformity?
- Anterior cingulate cortex
- Right intraparietal sulcus (correct)
- Frontal lobe
- Left intraparietal sulcus
What does the region of interest (ROI) analysis specifically investigate in the right intraparietal sulcus?
What does the region of interest (ROI) analysis specifically investigate in the right intraparietal sulcus?
- Visual processing
- General brain activity
- Social interaction patterns
- The effects driving participant responses (correct)
Which criterion was used to determine the best-fitting model in the analysis?
Which criterion was used to determine the best-fitting model in the analysis?
- Akaike’s Information Criterion (correct)
- Schwarz Information Criterion
- Bayesian Information Criterion
- Likelihood Ratio Test
What interaction was found involving the source of information in the study?
What interaction was found involving the source of information in the study?
According to the results, how did conforming to incorrect information from the Group compare to conforming from Computers?
According to the results, how did conforming to incorrect information from the Group compare to conforming from Computers?
What anatomical feature is central to the study of mental rotation and external information?
What anatomical feature is central to the study of mental rotation and external information?
What type of effect did the interaction between source of information and correctness indicate?
What type of effect did the interaction between source of information and correctness indicate?
Which of the following best describes the main findings related to social conformity in the study?
Which of the following best describes the main findings related to social conformity in the study?
What was the main effect exhibited within the most posterior aspects of the baseline mental rotation network?
What was the main effect exhibited within the most posterior aspects of the baseline mental rotation network?
Which brain region was subjected to a region-of-interest analysis due to its anatomical confluence of different effects?
Which brain region was subjected to a region-of-interest analysis due to its anatomical confluence of different effects?
How was mental rotation defined in the study?
How was mental rotation defined in the study?
What was the observed effect of external information on the baseline mental rotation network?
What was the observed effect of external information on the baseline mental rotation network?
What type of brain imaging results were noted during mental rotation?
What type of brain imaging results were noted during mental rotation?
Which brain regions were associated with increases in BOLD activity during mental rotation?
Which brain regions were associated with increases in BOLD activity during mental rotation?
Which brain regions showed greater activity when participants conformed to the Group's incorrect judgment compared to the Computers'?
Which brain regions showed greater activity when participants conformed to the Group's incorrect judgment compared to the Computers'?
What characteristic of activations was noted in the presence of external information compared to baseline mental rotation?
What characteristic of activations was noted in the presence of external information compared to baseline mental rotation?
What was the focus of the trials with participants receiving no external information?
What was the focus of the trials with participants receiving no external information?
What does increased activity in the visual cortex indicate in this study?
What does increased activity in the visual cortex indicate in this study?
Which factor appeared to alter the normal functioning of mental rotation tasks according to the findings?
Which factor appeared to alter the normal functioning of mental rotation tasks according to the findings?
In the context of this study, what was the effect of external incorrect information on participants' judgments?
In the context of this study, what was the effect of external incorrect information on participants' judgments?
What significance level was reached by the peak activations in the right amygdala and right caudate?
What significance level was reached by the peak activations in the right amygdala and right caudate?
How did participants' mental rotation processing change when going against the Group?
How did participants' mental rotation processing change when going against the Group?
What does the increase in activity within the intraparietal sulcus suggest about the competing percepts?
What does the increase in activity within the intraparietal sulcus suggest about the competing percepts?
What aspect of mental rotation is highlighted through these findings regarding social conformity?
What aspect of mental rotation is highlighted through these findings regarding social conformity?
What does the decreased activation in regions anterior to the central sulcus suggest about participants during the neuroimaging study?
What does the decreased activation in regions anterior to the central sulcus suggest about participants during the neuroimaging study?
What was a noted limitation in the neuroimaging study's design?
What was a noted limitation in the neuroimaging study's design?
In the context of conformity, what role does the group play in the psychological framework discussed?
In the context of conformity, what role does the group play in the psychological framework discussed?
What aspect of the amygdala is Amaral et al. (2003) exploring in their study?
What aspect of the amygdala is Amaral et al. (2003) exploring in their study?
What phenomenon did Asch SE (1951) investigate regarding group dynamics?
What phenomenon did Asch SE (1951) investigate regarding group dynamics?
What effect does the 'off-loading' mentioned in the content have on cognitive processing?
What effect does the 'off-loading' mentioned in the content have on cognitive processing?
Which of the following is a proposed future experimental focus suggested in the content?
Which of the following is a proposed future experimental focus suggested in the content?
In the context of functional activation, what does the study by Alivisatos and Petrides (1997) look at?
In the context of functional activation, what does the study by Alivisatos and Petrides (1997) look at?
What do the studies involving neuroimaging seek to understand about the amygdala, as indicated by Phelps et al. (2001)?
What do the studies involving neuroimaging seek to understand about the amygdala, as indicated by Phelps et al. (2001)?
What psychological phenomenon could influence participants to conform despite having their own opinions?
What psychological phenomenon could influence participants to conform despite having their own opinions?
Which of these is a primary focus of the research conducted by Ress and Heeger (2003)?
Which of these is a primary focus of the research conducted by Ress and Heeger (2003)?
What is a stated consequence of the low number of conformity trials in the neuroimaging study?
What is a stated consequence of the low number of conformity trials in the neuroimaging study?
What concept is central to the discussion by Arrow (1963) regarding social choice?
What concept is central to the discussion by Arrow (1963) regarding social choice?
What aspect of conformity is less understood compared to behavioral research?
What aspect of conformity is less understood compared to behavioral research?
What area does the metaphor of the basal ganglia relate to in Redgrave et al. (1999)?
What area does the metaphor of the basal ganglia relate to in Redgrave et al. (1999)?
What does the study by Rees and Frith (1998) propose regarding perceptions and actions?
What does the study by Rees and Frith (1998) propose regarding perceptions and actions?
Which brain structure, alongside the amygdala, is differentially activated by social independence?
Which brain structure, alongside the amygdala, is differentially activated by social independence?
What was a possible reason participants conformed to external information?
What was a possible reason participants conformed to external information?
What did the study find regarding mental rotation when external information was present?
What did the study find regarding mental rotation when external information was present?
Which of the following best defines social conformity in this context?
Which of the following best defines social conformity in this context?
What attribute made information from humans more salient in the study?
What attribute made information from humans more salient in the study?
What limitation was acknowledged in the conduct of the study?
What limitation was acknowledged in the conduct of the study?
What effect did the presence of external information have on participant behavior according to the study?
What effect did the presence of external information have on participant behavior according to the study?
What was the nature of the task in Asch’s original experiment used in this study?
What was the nature of the task in Asch’s original experiment used in this study?
What function is primarily associated with the right caudate nucleus in the context of the study?
What function is primarily associated with the right caudate nucleus in the context of the study?
Which brain region showed decreased activation during mental rotation when external information was present?
Which brain region showed decreased activation during mental rotation when external information was present?
In what way did the presence of external information potentially benefit participants during mental rotation tasks?
In what way did the presence of external information potentially benefit participants during mental rotation tasks?
How was social conformity defined in this research study?
How was social conformity defined in this research study?
What potential effect did external information have on participants that could lead to confusion?
What potential effect did external information have on participants that could lead to confusion?
What was a noted limitation of the neuroimaging study compared to Asch's original experiment?
What was a noted limitation of the neuroimaging study compared to Asch's original experiment?
Which characteristic of the right caudate nucleus is highlighted in the context of independent behavior?
Which characteristic of the right caudate nucleus is highlighted in the context of independent behavior?
What mental process was indicated to have decreased activation when participants were influenced by external information?
What mental process was indicated to have decreased activation when participants were influenced by external information?
Flashcards
Mental Rotation Network
Mental Rotation Network
A network of brain regions (occipital, parietal, and frontal cortex) showing increased activity during mental rotation tasks.
Baseline Mental Rotation Network
Baseline Mental Rotation Network
The brain activity pattern that occurs during mental rotation without outside information.
External Information Effect
External Information Effect
The presence of external information during mental rotation leads to decreased activity in parts of the baseline mental rotation network.
Occipital Cortex
Occipital Cortex
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Parietal Cortex
Parietal Cortex
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Social Conformity Effect
Social Conformity Effect
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Intraparietal Sulcus
Intraparietal Sulcus
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Right Intraparietal Sulcus
Right Intraparietal Sulcus
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Mental Rotation Network
Mental Rotation Network
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External Information Network
External Information Network
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Social Conformity
Social Conformity
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Region-of-Interest (ROI) Analysis
Region-of-Interest (ROI) Analysis
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Main effect of Source
Main effect of Source
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Interaction between Source and Response
Interaction between Source and Response
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Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
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Social Conformity
Social Conformity
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Brain Regions (Mental Rotation)
Brain Regions (Mental Rotation)
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Group Influence (Mental Rotation)
Group Influence (Mental Rotation)
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External Information (Mental Rotation)
External Information (Mental Rotation)
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Incorrect External Information
Incorrect External Information
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Activation in Amygdala/Caudate
Activation in Amygdala/Caudate
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Visual Cortex Activity
Visual Cortex Activity
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Intraparietal Sulcus Activity
Intraparietal Sulcus Activity
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Virtual Percept
Virtual Percept
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Social Independence
Social Independence
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Right Caudate Nucleus
Right Caudate Nucleus
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Stimulus Salience
Stimulus Salience
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Striatum
Striatum
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External Information's Effect
External Information's Effect
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Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
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Conformity
Conformity
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Asch's Experiment
Asch's Experiment
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Mental Rotation & External Info
Mental Rotation & External Info
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Nonconformity Mechanisms
Nonconformity Mechanisms
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Group Influence (Normative)
Group Influence (Normative)
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Social Conformity
Social Conformity
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Neuroimaging Study Limitations
Neuroimaging Study Limitations
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Demand Effect
Demand Effect
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Mental Rotation
Mental Rotation
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Brain Regions in Mental Rotation
Brain Regions in Mental Rotation
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Social Conformity
Social Conformity
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External Information Effect
External Information Effect
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Intraparietal Sulcus
Intraparietal Sulcus
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Amygdala
Amygdala
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Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging
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Study Notes
Neurobiological Correlates of Social Conformity and Independence During Mental Rotation
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Background: Conformity occurs when individual judgment aligns with a group's judgment. This can happen either through a change in executive decision-making or a shift in the individual's perception of the situation.
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Methods: Researchers used fMRI during a mental rotation task to investigate neural activity associated with both individualistic and conforming behaviors. Participants were exposed to peer pressure by seeing fabricated input from others or from computer algorithms. This allowed isolation of the effects of social influence without introducing misleading data.
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Results: Conformity was correlated with changes in the occipital-parietal network, particularly when the misinformation came from other people. Independent thought corresponded to increased activity in the amygdala and caudate, a pattern consistent with social norm theory. Findings suggest perceptual and emotional processes play a role in social conformity.
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Key Words: fMRI, perception, mental rotation, parietal lobe, social conformity.
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Participants: 33 normal, right-handed volunteers (14 female, 19 male), mean age of 26.
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Experimental Task: Participants judged whether three-dimensional objects were identical or mirror images after varying rotations. Tasks included conditions with peer feedback, or computer feedback, allowing comparison of conformity and independence.
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Imaging: EEG using a 3 Tesla MRI scanner.
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Debriefing: Participants completed a questionnaire to assess self-perception about the experiment's accuracy and reasons for conforming or not conforming.
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Image Analysis: Image analysis software (SPM2) used for identifying areas of brain activity associated with different conditions.
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Brain Responses: Decreased activity during mental rotation in frontal regions in response to external information. Increased activity observed in areas like the right supramarginal gyrus when participants encountered external information, especially when the external information was from the group.Â
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Perception Versus Decision Making: Social conformity may change perception by influencing the regions of the brain that normally accomplish the task.
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Findings: Group response caused a measurable change in the right intraparietal sulcus. Participants conformed more to the incorrect group response than the incorrect computer response.
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Limitations: The study utilized a modified version of the Asch paradigm, using a mental rotation task for inducing conformity. This modification reduced the number of conformity trials per participant. Visual nature of the task could limit generalizability to other tasks. The study's setup might have influenced participants to conform more than in a real-world scenario.
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