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Questions and Answers
Which part of the nervous system controls the voluntary control of muscles?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement (Down and In)?
Which brain lobe controls the comprehension of spoken words?
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscles and maintaining balance?
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What is a key function of the Midbrain?
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In the Autonomic Nervous System, which branch is responsible for the 'Fight or Flight' response?
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What is a symptom of a Thalamic Pain condition?
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Which area of the brain is involved in regulation of posture and muscle tone?
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Study Notes
Nervous System
- Sensory information comes into the spinal cord posteriorly (dorsally) through the afferent tract
- Motor information comes out of the spinal cord anteriorly (ventrally) through the efferent tract
Somatic Nervous System
- Controls voluntary muscles
- Divided into sensory and motor functions
Autonomic Nervous System
- Controls involuntary functions of body organs
- Divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) systems
- Both systems work to maintain homeostasis
Cranial Nerves
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves with various functions
- Olfactory nerve: smell, sensory
- Optic nerve: vision, sensory
- Oculomotor nerve: eye movement, pupil constriction, motor
- Trochlear nerve: eye movement, motor
- Trigeminal nerve: motor (TMJ), sensory (face)
- Abducens nerve: lateral eye movement, motor
- Facial nerve: motor (facial), anterior 2/3 taste, sensory
- Vestibulocochlear nerve: hearing, balance, sensory
- Glossopharyngeal nerve: speech, posterior 1/3 taste, sensory
- Vagus nerve: gag reflex, swallowing/vocal cords, sensory
- Accessory nerve: traps, motor
- Hypoglossal nerve: tongue movement, motor
Brain Lobes
Frontal Lobe
- Motor cortex: voluntary movement, contra side
- Broca's area: motor component of speech, language expression
- Cognitive function: judgment, attention, mood, abstract thinking, aggression
- Damage: paralysis, personality change, language expression
Parietal Lobe
- Sensory cortex: receives/processes sensory info from contra side
- Perceives touch, pain, temperature, PPC
- Constructional ability: copying shapes and figures
- Damage: naming objects, math, writing, reading, coordination
Temporal Lobe
- Auditory cortex: receives/ processes auditory info
- Wernicke's area: comprehension of spoken word
- Long-term memory, visual perception
- Damage: word understanding, recognizing faces, memory, increased aggression
Occipital Lobe
- Primary visual cortex: processing/interpretation of visual info
- Damage: visual deficits, hallucinations, illusions, reading/writing, colors
Hypothalamus
- Maintains homeostasis
- Controls autonomic nervous system
Brainstem
- Connects cerebrum and diencephalon with spinal cord
- Composed of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
- Coordinates voluntary muscles
- Maintains balance and muscle tone (subconscious muscle tone)
Basal Ganglia
- Regulates posture and muscle tone
- Affects motor planning areas of cortex
Cerebral Artery Strokes
- Anterior cerebral artery stroke: contra hemiparesis of LEs, urinary incontinence, behavioral changes, mental impairment
- Middle cerebral artery stroke: contra hemiparesis of UEs, Broca's and Wernicke's, unilateral neglect, agnosia, sensory ataxia, apraxia
- Posterior cerebral artery stroke: visual hemianopsia, visual agnosia, thalamic pain, involuntary movement
Hemispheric Damage
- Left hemispheric damage: difficulties in communication, aphasia, apraxia, dysphagia, hemianopia, left face involvement, right side weakness
- Right hemispheric damage: difficulty with PPC, impulsive behavior, poor judgment, memory deficits
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Description
This quiz covers the basic concepts of sensory and motor pathways in the nervous system. Learn about the different tracts and divisions of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
