4. Transcript - Issues and Techniques in Deep Learning 27012024

What problem did the speaker face when training the deep neural network?

The weights did not update

Why did the speaker's deep neural network fail to learn despite the large number of neurons and deep layers?

Vanishing gradient problem

What was the expected outcome after training the deep neural network?

Improved predictions on test data

What was one of the problems mentioned that makes training deep neural networks extremely hard?

Vanishing gradient problem Signup and view all the answers

Why is training deep neural networks with more layers challenging?

Vanishing gradient problem may occur Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines the vanishing gradient problem?

'Gradients vanish', making learning difficult Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a network experiences the vanishing gradient problem?

'Gradients vanish', making learning difficult or impossible Signup and view all the answers

Why does training become extremely hard as more layers are added to deep neural networks?

'Vanishing gradient' problem and complex optimization processes arise Signup and view all the answers

What is back propagation in neural networks?

Computing error values backward Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept behind back propagation?

Derivative computation using the chain rule Signup and view all the answers

How is back propagation related to the chain rule?

Back propagation is an application of the chain rule Signup and view all the answers

What does back propagation rely on for updating weights in a neural network?

Learning rate times gradient of the error function Signup and view all the answers

In the context of neural networks, what does the term 'gradient descent' refer to?

An optimization technique used to minimize errors Signup and view all the answers

Why is back propagation considered essential in training neural networks?

To compute error derivatives efficiently using the chain rule Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue with underfitting, as explained in the text?

The model is too simple to solve the problem effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What does overfitting refer to in machine learning?

Using a model that is too complex for the given problem. Signup and view all the answers

How does underfitting affect the performance of a model?

High training error and high test error. Signup and view all the answers

In overfitting, why does the test error increase despite having low training error?

The model is too complex and fits noise in the training data. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between underfitting and overfitting?

Underfitting has a simple model with high errors, while overfitting has a complex model with high test error. Signup and view all the answers

Why is underfitting described as using 'too simple a model to solve a problem'?

Because it involves using a simple model that cannot capture all the complexities of the problem. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does overfitting have on the test error compared to underfitting?

Overfitting results in higher test errors than underfitting. Signup and view all the answers

'Too complex a model' in overfitting means:

'Too complex a model' captures noise and results in high test error despite low training error. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of deep learning?

To enable learning of the hierarchy of features for a more generalized solution Signup and view all the answers

What does the universal approximation theorem state?

Any continuous function can be approximated by a single hidden layer neural network. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of deep learning, what does 'hierarchy of features' refer to?

The process of learning different levels of representation in data Signup and view all the answers

Why is deep learning more about hope than certainty according to the text?

Because solving problems with multiple layers is still unclear Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the complexity of problems that a single hidden layer neural network can handle?

It can effectively handle any complex problem. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the vocabulary used to explain 'hierarchy of features'?

'Hierarchy of features' described using fancy and complex words Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of discussing the 'hierarchy of features' in plain English according to the text?

To simplify complex concepts for better understanding Signup and view all the answers

'Hierarchy of features' in deep learning refers to:

'Different levels of representation in data' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main topic discussed in the text?

Finding maxima and minima in higher dimensional spaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the general approach to identifying minima or maxima?

Identifying points where the derivative is zero Signup and view all the answers

As per the text, what happens as we move from 1 dimension to higher dimensions?

New complex creatures emerge in higher dimensional spaces Signup and view all the answers

What role does the slope play in determining maxima or minima according to the text?

Points with zero slope are good candidates for maxima or minima Signup and view all the answers

What concept becomes important when dealing with surfaces instead of lines in mathematics?

Existence of complex creatures on surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines a point as either a maxima or a minima in higher dimensions?

'Good' candidates for maxima or minima are identified by derivatives Signup and view all the answers

What makes the computation of derivatives easy in all kinds of functions according to the text?

The simplicity of derivative rules Signup and view all the answers

Why are points with zero slope important when determining maxima or minima?

'Good' candidates for maxima or minima are identified by their derivatives Signup and view all the answers