40 Questions
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for mobilizing energy during emergency situations?
Sympathetic nervous system
What are the three essential elements of homeostatic mechanisms?
Sensor, integrator, and effector
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for digestion, nutrient assimilation, and energy conservation?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What is the main action of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Maintaining homeostasis
What is the function of the enteric nervous system?
Digestion, nutrient assimilation, and energy conservation
What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System in controlling emotions?
Controlling emotions
What is the primary function of the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Coordination of fast physiological responses
What is the primary function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Digestion and nutrient assimilation
What is the Autonomic Nervous System's role in emergencies?
Coordination of fast physiological responses
What is the Autonomic Nervous System's role most of the time?
Maintaining homeostasis
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for selective energy expenditure and catabolic functions?
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system during intense activity or emergencies?
Cardiopulmonary adjustment
What is the immediate response of the sympathetic nervous system during emergencies?
Coordinated and adaptive response
What are the main effects of sympathetic nervous system activation on the cardiovascular system?
Heart acceleration, increase in blood pressure, and dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle
Which type of ganglion is located close to the spinal cord in the sympathetic nervous system?
Paravertebral ganglia
Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic neurons located in the sympathetic nervous system?
Ganglion outside the spinal cord
Which ganglia receive gray rami from the intermediolateral cell column in the spinal cord?
Paravertebral ganglia
Which ganglia are named according to the associated arteries in the abdomen?
Prevertebral ganglia
What type of receptors do postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system have?
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors
What type of receptors do target tissues in the sympathetic nervous system have?
Adrenergic receptors
Which ganglia are located close to the spinal cord in the sympathetic nervous system?
Paravertebral ganglia
Which ganglia are named according to the associated arteries in the abdomen?
Prevertebral ganglia
What type of neurons secrete acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?
Preganglionic neurons
What type of receptors do target tissues in the parasympathetic nervous system have?
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for mobilizing energy during emergency situations?
Sympathetic nervous system
What type of receptors do postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system have?
Adrenergic receptors
What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Digestion, nutrient assimilation, and energy conservation
What is the immediate response of the sympathetic nervous system during emergencies?
Constriction of blood vessels in GI tract and skin
What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Selective energy expenditure and catabolic functions
What type of receptors do postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system have?
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for adjusting blood chemistry, respiration, circulation, digestion, immune system, body temperature, and sexual function?
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
What is the role of the Enteric Nervous System?
To maintain homeostasis
What are the three essential elements of homeostatic mechanisms?
Sensor, integrator, and effector
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for mobilizing energy particularly during emergency situations?
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
What is the primary function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
To maintain homeostasis
What is the main action of the Autonomic Nervous System?
To maintain homeostasis
What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System in controlling emotions?
To control emotions
What is the primary function of the Sympathetic Nervous System during emergencies?
To coordinate a fast physiological response during emergencies
What is the immediate response of the sympathetic nervous system during emergencies?
Coordinating a fast physiological response
What is the Autonomic Nervous System's role most of the time?
Doing housekeeping work
Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System
- The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is responsible for controlling involuntary actions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) is responsible for mobilizing energy during emergency situations, known as the "fight or flight" response.
- The primary function of the SNS is to prepare the body for intense activity or emergencies by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels.
- During emergencies, the SNS immediately responds by releasing the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels.
- The SNS has alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
- Postganglionic neurons in the SNS have nicotinic receptors.
- The SNS is responsible for selective energy expenditure and catabolic functions.
- The SNS is active during intense activity or emergencies.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) is responsible for digestion, nutrient assimilation, and energy conservation.
- The primary function of the PNS is to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and conserve energy.
- Postganglionic neurons in the PNS have muscarinic receptors.
- Target tissues in the PNS have muscarinic receptors.
Enteric Nervous System
- The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal system and is often referred to as the "second brain."
- The ENS is responsible for regulating digestion, absorption, and secretion of hormones.
Homeostatic Mechanisms
- The three essential elements of homeostatic mechanisms are sensors, integrators, and effectors.
Ganglia
- The sympathetic ganglia are located close to the spinal cord and receive gray rami from the intermediolateral cell column in the spinal cord.
- The parasympathetic ganglia are named according to the associated cranial nerves.
- The abdominal ganglia are named according to the associated arteries in the abdomen.
Neurons and Receptors
- Preganglionic neurons in the ANS secrete acetylcholine.
- Postganglionic neurons in the SNS have nicotinic receptors, while target tissues have alpha and beta adrenergic receptors.
- Postganglionic neurons in the PNS have muscarinic receptors, while target tissues have muscarinic receptors.
Autonomic Nervous System Function
- The ANS is responsible for adjusting blood chemistry, respiration, circulation, digestion, immune system, body temperature, and sexual function.
- The ANS plays a crucial role in controlling emotions and responding to stress.
- The ANS is active most of the time, with the SNS dominant during emergencies and the PNS dominant during relaxation.
Quiz on Neural Control of Body Functions, focusing on the voluntary and non-voluntary control of body functions. Learn about the main action of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in maintaining homeostasis and the essential elements of homeostatic mechanisms. Test your knowledge on how the body maintains a state through neural control.
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