39 Questions
What is the primary function of a nursing model?
Organizing ideas about clients, environment, health, and nursing
Which term refers to a set of abstract and general ideas, concepts, or statements that provide a framework for organizing ideas in nursing?
Conceptual framework
What is the purpose of a conceptual framework in nursing practice and education?
To help organize ideas about clients, environment, health, and nursing
Which term refers to a set of concepts and propositions that define the phenomena a discipline is concerned with?
Nursing metaparadigms
In the Neuman Systems Model, what is summarized as the holistic dynamics of the client?
Multiple factors including physiological, psychological, socio-cultural aspects
Which domain does a nursing model primarily assist in organizing?
Ideas about health promotion
What distinguishes a nursing theory from a conceptual framework?
The level of abstraction
Which aspect of the Neuman Systems Model emphasizes looking at the client as a whole entity?
'Holistic dynamics' of the client
What type of environment consists of forces or interactive influences internal to the client system?
Intrapersonal
Which environment supersedes and encompasses both internal and external environments according to the text?
Created Environment
What type of stimuli/forces are stressors based on the text?
Tension-producing stimuli
Which environment consists of all forces or influences external to or existing outside of the defined client system?
External Environment
Which environment acts as a 'safe' reservoir for the existence or maintenance of system integrity?
Created Environment
What do 'created environments' offer to the system function according to the text?
'Safe' shield
In the context of environments, what does 'supersedes' mean as used in the text?
Replaces
What type of stressors fall under the category of 'Intrapersonal'?
Stressors within the client system
Which of the following is an example of an extrapersonal stressor?
Financial concerns
What is considered the basic structure surrounded by flexible, normal, and lines of resistance in the client system?
Client
Which defense line in the client system is 'flexible' and can be altered rapidly over a short period of time?
Flexible line of defense
What is the usual level of health/wellness that responds and changes according to coping or environment in the client system?
Normal line of defense
Which mechanism in the client system attempts to stabilize the client and return it to the usual wellness level?
Lines of resistance
What happens if the normal line of defense in the client system is penetrated by a stressor?
Lines of resistance are activated
'Health = System Stability' refers to maintaining a balance between illness and what other factor?
'Effective lines of resistance'
Which model is associated with the concept of interactions with the environment in the context of nursing?
Neuman Systems Model
In the context of nursing curriculum, what are the four nursing metaparadigms associated with the vertical curriculum threads?
Client, Environment, Health, Wellness
What is a core competency included in the horizontal curriculum threads of nursing education?
Education and Evidence-Based Practice
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a part of the horizontal curriculum threads in nursing education?
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
In the context of nursing education, what does the abbreviation 'Sem' stand for?
Semester
Which aspect is NOT built into the core competencies mentioned in the horizontal curriculum threads of nursing?
Empathy
What are the two horizontal curriculum threads that encompass 'Collaboration' as a core competency?
Accountability and Communication
Which aspect is NOT part of the vertical curriculum threads related to the four nursing metaparadigms?
School of Nursing Curriculum
What is the main concern of nursing in terms of client stability?
Assessing the effects of environmental stressors
When does Tertiary Prevention occur?
After Secondary Prevention
What is the goal of Secondary Prevention in client care?
Provide treatment of symptoms for stability
What is the primary goal of Primary Prevention in the Neuman Nursing Process?
Promote client wellness by stress prevention
When should Secondary Prevention be provided according to the text?
When primary prevention has failed
What distinguishes Tertiary Prevention from Primary and Secondary Prevention?
Focus on re-adaptation & stability
What does the Neuman Nursing Process emphasize in terms of goals and diagnosis?
Balancing the client’s and caregiver’s perceptions
'Prevention as Intervention' concept involves which levels of prevention?
'Primary', 'Secondary', and 'Tertiary'
Study Notes
Neuman Systems Model
- A nursing model is a set of abstract and general ideas, concepts, or statements that provide a framework for organizing ideas about clients, environment, health, and nursing.
- The Neuman Systems Model is based on the principles of systems theory and views the client as an open system that interacts with the environment.
Environment
- The internal environment consists of all forces or interactive influences internal to or contained solely within the boundaries of the defined client/client system (INTRAPERSONAL).
- The external environment consists of all forces, interactions, or influences external to or existing outside of the defined client/client system (INTERPERSONAL & EXTRAPERSONAL).
- The created environment is unconsciously developed by the client as a "symbolic expression of system wholeness" and supersedes and encompasses both internal and external environments.
Stressors
- Stressors are tension-producing stimuli/forces on the environment and can be classified as:
- Intrapersonal (inside the client/client system)
- Interpersonal (outside the client/client system but in close proximity)
- Extrapersonal (outside the client/client system at a distal range)
Client System
- The client system is the basic structure (core) that is surrounded by:
- Flexible line of defense
- Normal line of defense
- Lines of resistance
- The flexible line of defense is the outer boundary of the client system that prevents stressor invasion and protects the normal line of defense.
- The normal line of defense is the usual level of health/wellness that responds and changes according to coping or environmental factors.
- The lines of resistance are protective mechanisms that attempt to stabilize the client system and return to the usual wellness level.
Health and Wellness
- Health is defined as system stability, and illness is a state of insufficiency or excess expenditure of energy.
- Reconstitution is the process of adjusting to stressors and achieving optimal use of existing resources for client system stability.
Nursing
- The major concern of nursing is keeping the client system stable through assessing the effects and possible effects of environmental stressors and assisting client adjustments required for optimal wellness.
- Nursing actions are initiated to retain, attain, and maintain optimal client health through the concept of "prevention as intervention".
Levels of Prevention
- There are three levels of prevention:
- Primary prevention: protecting the normal line of defense and strengthening the flexible line of defense by identifying actual or potential risk factors.
- Secondary prevention: strengthening internal lines of resistance and reducing the reaction to a stressor by providing treatment of symptoms.
- Tertiary prevention: re-adaptation and stability after secondary prevention, protecting reconstitution or return to wellness.
Neuman Nursing Process
- The Neuman nursing process involves:
- Setting shared goals that enable the client to attain optimal health
- Making a diagnosis that requires consideration of both the client's and caregiver's perceptions
- Identifying outcomes and implementing interventions using the three dimensions of prevention
- Evaluating whether balance is restored
Test your knowledge on the Neuman Systems Model and its application in nursing practice. Learn about the purpose of a conceptual framework in nursing, principles of system's theory, and holistic dynamics of the client as defined in the model.
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