Mike Myer networking

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?

TCP is connection-oriented, while UDP is connectionless

What is the function of port numbers in TCP and UDP?

Identify the type of connection being used

In which layer of the OSI model do TCP and UDP operate?

Transport layer

What is the main purpose of TCP/IP suite in networking?

Manage, package, transmit, and operate networks Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is connection-oriented and uses a handshake and fixed serial order for data packets?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is considered faster but less reliable due to its lack of formal connections?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is commonly used for applications where speed is more important than occasional errors?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

Which application protocol commonly uses TCP for reliable data transfer?

FTP Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is now incorporated into HTTPS, replacing SSL?

Transport Layer Security (TLS) Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is used for applications where data integrity and reliability are crucial?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

Which utility protocol has specific port numbers and functions?

DNS Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol requires machines to acknowledge each other for reliable data transfer?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol simply sends data without checking if it is received?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol focuses on creating and managing connections and data transmission?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is used for applications where speed is more important than occasional errors?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is considered reliable due to its rigid protocol requirements?

TCP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of TLS in HTTP sessions?

To encrypt HTTP data packets for security Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol operates on port 22 using TCP and provides encryption and authentication?

SSH Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is a lightweight version of FTP, operates without authentication, and uses connectionless communication?

TFTP Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protocols offer efficiency and are used for specific functions, but are less reliable?

Connectionless protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DHCP?

Providing IP configuration data and managing lease periods Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ports are primarily used by utility protocols for faster but less reliable connections?

UDP ports Signup and view all the answers

What do HTTPS and SSH have in common?

They both provide encryption and authentication Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of routers in a network?

Connect LANs to a WAN, routing traffic between networks Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for network components to ensure communication?

Shared connectivity standards, addressing methods, and software protocols Signup and view all the answers

What do UDP, IP, ICMP, DHCP, and TFTP have in common?

They are all connectionless protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

HTTPS uses TLS for secure transmission, while HTTP does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of TCP ports?

Used by application protocols for functions like file transfer and web page transfers Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum power supplied by IEEE Type 4 PoE on each port?

100 watts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a PoE injector?

Add power to Ethernet cables for PoE devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an Ethernet hub?

Broadcast signals from one port to others Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) in fiber optic services?

Convert light signaling into electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

How do cable modems provide internet connectivity?

Using TV lines Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Network Interface Cards (NICs)?

Connect computers to wired or wireless networks Signup and view all the answers

What type of NICs do older computers typically use?

PCI-based NICs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 48-bit built-in binary Media Access Control (MAC) address in NICs?

Uniquely identify the NIC Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a DSL modem?

Connect to a standard RJ-11 telephone line Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a PoE switch?

Supply power to PoE devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum power carried by IEEE Type 3 PoE on each port?

60 watts Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a cable modem?

Provide internet connectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an unmanaged switch?

Keep all devices in the same LAN Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a patch panel?

Have permanent connectors for horizontal cables and female port connectors for easy switch connection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a hardware firewall?

Filter and block incoming traffic using stateful packet inspection Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Power over Ethernet (PoE)?

Enable devices to operate on electricity supplied by PoE injectors or switches Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum power output of IEEE 802.3af (Standard PoE)?

15.4 watts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of software firewalls?

Primarily protect single host computers rather than entire networks or enterprise systems Signup and view all the answers

What do managed switches offer that unmanaged switches lack?

Customizable port settings, including VLANs and QoS Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of access points (APs)?

Centrally connect wireless network nodes into a WLAN Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a firewall?

Protect internal networks from unauthorized Internet access Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of VLANs in managed switches?

Separate network traffic and improve security and performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a switch in a LAN?

Memorize MAC addresses for smart signal routing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a power sourcing equipment (PSE) in PoE?

Supply power to PoE-compatible devices Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethernet and Networking Technologies Overview

IEEE standards Type 3 (PoE++) and Type 4 increase PoE power, with Type 3 carrying up to 60 watts and Type 4 supplying a maximum of 100 watts on each port.
PoE injectors add power to Ethernet cables from a switch to PoE devices.
A PoE switch supplies power to PoE devices but not to standard Ethernet devices.
An Ethernet hub broadcasts signals from one port to others, slowing down traffic and subdividing network bandwidth.
Fiber optic services utilize an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) as a demarcation point, converting light signaling into electrical impulses.
The ONT serves as a modem, converting digital to analog and vice versa, and is installed out of sight in a utility or service area.
Cable and DSL modems provide internet connectivity, with cable modems using TV lines and DSL modems connecting to a standard RJ-11 telephone line.
Cable modems support upload speeds from 1 to 20 Mbps and download speeds from 6 Mbps to 1+ Gbps, theoretically available anywhere cable TV is accessible.
DSL modem speeds vary based on the distance from the modem to the telephone company's central switch.
Network Interface Cards (NICs) connect computers to wired or wireless networks, with older computers using PCI-based NICs and current computers using PCIe NICs.
NICs have a 48-bit built-in binary Media Access Control (MAC) address that uniquely identifies them.
Before sending data, a NIC breaks it into transmission-friendly frames, each tagged with the MAC address of the sender and recipient, along with error detection information.

Networking Hardware Devices and Technologies

Switches connect hosts on a LAN and memorize MAC addresses for smart signal routing
A LAN is a group of networked computers within a few meters, while a WAN connects multiple LANs
Managed switches offer customizable port settings, including VLANs and QoS
Unmanaged switches, typically for small offices, lack management features and keep all devices in the same LAN
Access points (APs) centrally connect wireless network nodes into a WLAN and can act as high-speed switches and Internet routers
Patch panels have permanent connectors for horizontal cables and female port connectors for easy switch connection
Firewalls protect internal networks from unauthorized Internet access and can limit damage from compromised nodes
Hardware firewalls use stateful packet inspection (SPI) to filter and block incoming traffic
Software firewalls primarily protect single host computers rather than entire networks or enterprise systems
Power over Ethernet (PoE) enables devices like APs and security cameras to operate on electricity supplied by PoE injectors or switches
PoE standards, such as IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at, specify power sourcing and maximum power output for different types of powered devices
IEEE 802.3af (Standard PoE) supplies 44-57 volts and a maximum power output of 15.4 watts, suitable for VoIP and Wi-Fi APs; IEEE 802.3at (PoE+) supplies 50-57 volts and supports devices like LCD displays and biometric sensors

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Mike Myer networking

Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between TCP and UDP?

What is the function of port numbers in TCP and UDP?

In which layer of the OSI model do TCP and UDP operate?

What is the main purpose of TCP/IP suite in networking?

Which protocol is connection-oriented and uses a handshake and fixed serial order for data packets?

Which protocol is considered faster but less reliable due to its lack of formal connections?

Which protocol is commonly used for applications where speed is more important than occasional errors?

Which application protocol commonly uses TCP for reliable data transfer?

Which protocol is now incorporated into HTTPS, replacing SSL?

Which protocol is used for applications where data integrity and reliability are crucial?

Which utility protocol has specific port numbers and functions?

Which protocol requires machines to acknowledge each other for reliable data transfer?

Which protocol simply sends data without checking if it is received?

Which protocol focuses on creating and managing connections and data transmission?

Which protocol is used for applications where speed is more important than occasional errors?

Which protocol is considered reliable due to its rigid protocol requirements?

What is the primary purpose of TLS in HTTP sessions?

Which protocol operates on port 22 using TCP and provides encryption and authentication?

Which protocol is a lightweight version of FTP, operates without authentication, and uses connectionless communication?

Which type of protocols offer efficiency and are used for specific functions, but are less reliable?

What is the primary function of DHCP?

Which type of ports are primarily used by utility protocols for faster but less reliable connections?

What do HTTPS and SSH have in common?

What is the role of routers in a network?

What is a key requirement for network components to ensure communication?

What do UDP, IP, ICMP, DHCP, and TFTP have in common?

What is the primary difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

What is the primary purpose of TCP ports?

What is the maximum power supplied by IEEE Type 4 PoE on each port?

What is the function of a PoE injector?

What is the purpose of an Ethernet hub?

What is the function of an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) in fiber optic services?

How do cable modems provide internet connectivity?

What is the purpose of Network Interface Cards (NICs)?

What type of NICs do older computers typically use?

What is the purpose of the 48-bit built-in binary Media Access Control (MAC) address in NICs?

What is the function of a DSL modem?

What is the purpose of a PoE switch?

What is the maximum power carried by IEEE Type 3 PoE on each port?

What is the main function of a cable modem?

What is the primary function of an unmanaged switch?

What is the primary purpose of a patch panel?

What is the primary function of a hardware firewall?

What is the purpose of Power over Ethernet (PoE)?

What is the maximum power output of IEEE 802.3af (Standard PoE)?

What is the primary purpose of software firewalls?

What do managed switches offer that unmanaged switches lack?

What is the primary function of access points (APs)?

What is the primary function of a firewall?

What is the purpose of VLANs in managed switches?

What is the primary function of a switch in a LAN?

What is the primary function of a power sourcing equipment (PSE) in PoE?

Study Notes

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