Networking Quiz on HDLC and WAN Services
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Questions and Answers

What is the behavior of a sender when transmitting an IP packet to a host on the same LAN?

  • The sender forwards the packet to the default gateway.
  • The sender sends the IP packet directly to the host. (correct)
  • The sender broadcasts the packet to all hosts in the network.
  • The sender waits for a response before sending the packet.

    • Which functions are associated with routing protocols?

  • Forwarding IP packets between networks.
  • Providing metrics for route efficiency. (correct)
  • Establishing logical connections between routers. (correct)
  • Learning routes for directly connected subnets.

    • Which protocol requires PC1 to depend on another server device for information?

  • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
  • Ping command.
  • Domain Name System (DNS). (correct)

    • In the context of HDLC headers used by Cisco routers, which fields are added beyond the ISO standard?

    <p>Address field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two routers connect using Ethernet over MPLS service, what can be inferred about this WAN?

    <p>It is a point-to-point Layer 2 service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command allows you to issue EXEC commands from configuration mode in Cisco routers?

    <p>do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a router learn routes for IP networks that are directly connected?

    <p>Independent of routing protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the host part (H) in the IP address 192.168.9.1/27?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the default router or gateway?

    <p>It forwards packets to external networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the subnet bits (S) for the IP address 192.168.9.1/27?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classless addressing, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>It utilizes a structure of network part and host part only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many subnet bits are necessary to support at least 100 subnets in a Class B network?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of classful addressing, which part of an IP address remains constant across all addresses in a subnet?

    <p>Network part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mask would provide enough subnet bits to support exactly 128 subnets in a Class B network?

    <p>255.255.255.252</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference when using classless addressing compared to classful addressing?

    <p>Allows arbitrary length prefix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of network bits for a Class C address, what is the value assigned?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of an IP address must be identical for different addresses to be in the same network segment?

    <p>Network part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the subnet ID represent in a subnet?

    <p>The lowest number in the range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the IP address 10.7.99.133/24, what is the subnet ID?

    <p>10.7.99.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest usable IP address within the subnet identified by 192.168.44.96/30?

    <p>192.168.44.98</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about usable IP addresses is true?

    <p>Usable addresses do not include the subnet ID or broadcast address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the subnet mask 255.255.255.252, what must the subnet ID reflect?

    <p>A multiple of 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of subnetting, what does the term 'broadcast address' refer to?

    <p>The highest number in a subnet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classful addressing, which parts of an address must be identical for addresses to be in the same subnet?

    <p>Network and subnet parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of link connects the two routers, R1 and R2, in the described WAN?

    <p>Layer 2 Ethernet link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Router 1 do with the Ethernet frame it receives from PC1?

    <p>Removes the IP packet from the Ethernet frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a router when routing TCP/IP packets?

    <p>To compare the packet's destination IP address with its routing table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Ethernet and HDLC in the context of this WAN is true?

    <p>The Ethernet link does not utilize HDLC for data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When PC1 sends data to PC2, what will be the source MAC address in the frame sent by PC1?

    <p>The MAC address of PC1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Router 2 process the IP packet it receives from Router 1?

    <p>It encapsulates the IP packet in an Ethernet frame and adds a new header</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What logical process do IPv4 hosts generally use for IP forwarding?

    <p>Basic two-branch logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the connection between R1 and R2, what role does the point of presence (PoP) play?

    <p>It acts as a service provider facility for Ethernet links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which commands do not list the IP address and mask of at least one interface? (Choose two answers.)

    <p>show ip interface brief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of a Layer 2 switch CLI compared to a Cisco router CLI?

    <p>A LAN switch typically has a single IPv4 address for management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two facts does a router use for matching a packet's destination address from its routing table? (Choose two answers.)

    <p>Subnet ID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After configuring the IP address 10.1.1.100/26, which routes would you expect to see in the output of the show ip route command? (Choose two answers.)

    <p>10.1.1.64/26</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What subnet mask corresponds to the IP address 10.1.1.100 with a /26 prefix?

    <p>255.255.255.255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of route is created for the single IPv4 address assigned to a LAN switch?

    <p>Local route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would provide details on both the addresses and masks for router interfaces?

    <p>show ip interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you not use to see information about interfaces on a router?

    <p>show configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    HDLC and Ethernet Connections

    • HDLC header does not include a Type field for packet identification.
    • Routers R1 and R2 use Ethernet over MPLS for point-to-point Layer 2 service.
    • Each router connects to a Service Provider's point of presence (PoP) via a physical Ethernet link.
    • The Ethernet WAN links utilize standard Ethernet header and trailer; HDLC is not applied.

    Data Transmission Between PCs and Routers

    • When PC1 sends data to PC2, it forms an Ethernet frame addressed to Router 1.
    • Router 1 strips the Ethernet frame to retrieve the IP packet, encapsulating it into an HDLC frame for transmission.
    • Router 2 decapsulates the HDLC frame, adds a new Ethernet header, and forwards the packet to PC2.

    Routing Decisions

    • Routers utilize the packet's destination IP address to reference their IP routing table for forwarding.
    • IPv4 hosts utilize two-branch logic: directly sending packets within the same subnet or forwarding them to a default router.

    Functions of Routing Protocols

    • Routing protocols facilitate the learning of routes and maintain routing information for subnets and networks.
    • IP routing is a separate process from the routing protocol's functions.

    Learning from Servers

    • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) allows hosts to learn MAC address information but does not involve a server.
    • Domain Name System (DNS) requires input from a server for hostname to IP address resolution.

    Classful IP Addressing

    • In classful addressing, an IP address is divided into network, subnet, and host parts.
    • For example, with a Class C prefix 192.168.9.1/27, the host part size is calculated as follows: N=24 (network bits), S=3 (subnet bits), H=5 (host bits).

    Classless Subnetting

    • Classless addressing employs a prefix and host structure, disregarding the traditional class distinctions of IP addresses.
    • To support 100 subnets in a Class B network, at least 7 subnet bits are necessary, allowing for up to 128 subnets.

    Binary and Decimal Subnet Analysis

    • For a subnet, the ID is the lowest value and the broadcast address is the highest, with usable addresses in between.
    • Subnet ID for a given IP address can be determined by using the subnet mask to identify bits that remain unchanged.

    Show Commands for Interfaces

    • The show ip interface brief command displays IPv4 addresses but not their masks.
    • Operations on a Layer 2 switch differ from a router as switches generally maintain a single IP address for management.

    Routing Table Entries

    • A route in a routing table consists of a subnet ID and a mask for address range matching.
    • After configuring a router interface, the connected route for the subnet and a local route for the IP address are automatically added to the routing table.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on HDLC headers and the characteristics of Ethernet over MPLS services. This quiz focuses on key concepts related to networking protocols and their implementations in WAN settings. Answer carefully to determine the best practices in using these technologies.

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