Networking Protocols Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does FTP require from users for authentication?

Password only

Biometric verification

Two-factor authentication

Credentials (correct)

Which channel is used for transferring files in FTP?

Control channel

Data channel (correct)

Command channel

Response channel

In active transfer mode, who initiates the data connection?

Intermediate router

Server (correct)

Both client and server

Client

What is a characteristic of SFTP compared to FTP?

Provides encrypted data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Server Message Block Protocol (SMB)?

Allowing computers to share resources Signup and view all the answers

Which operating systems commonly use SMB?

Windows and Linux using Samba Signup and view all the answers

Which port does SFTP use for its operations?

Port 22 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the command channel in FTP?

Sending instructions and responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?

To fetch resources such as documents and images from the web Signup and view all the answers

What does HTTPS stand for?

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure Signup and view all the answers

Which port does HTTP typically use?

80 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about HTTP and HTTPS is true?

HTTPS employs TLS encryption for secure data transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a user enters a URL in a browser?

A HTTP Request is generated and sent to the web server. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step when a user wants to retrieve a webpage?

The user enters the URL. Signup and view all the answers

What is returned by the web server after processing an HTTP Request?

The status code and webpage data Signup and view all the answers

In which way does HTTPS differ from HTTP?

HTTPS provides a secure connection using encryption. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of first hop redundancy?

To ensure uninterrupted network service Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following protocols is commonly used for quick failover in first hop redundancy?

HSRP/VRRP Signup and view all the answers

Why are multiple routers used in first hop redundancy?

To prevent single points of failure Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for businesses that cannot afford downtime?

Opting for a hot recovery site Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best supports business continuity plans?

Dedicated resources for DR/HA plans Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a load balancer?

To distribute network traffic across multiple servers Signup and view all the answers

How does a load balancer improve application performance?

By ensuring no single server is overworked Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant benefit of using load balancers?

Reduced downtime and increased scalability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of load balancer involves hardware?

Both hardware-based and software-based Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of high availability clusters?

To ensure continuous operation and minimize downtime Signup and view all the answers

What do high availability clusters automatically manage?

Failovers to maintain operations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following algorithms is used by load balancers?

Round Robin Signup and view all the answers

When are high availability clusters ideally used?

Where uptime is crucial, like databases Signup and view all the answers

What does VoIP primarily transmit?

Voice calls over IP networks Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)?

Connects internal phone lines within an organization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a VoIP-enabled PBX?

Combines PBX functions with VoIP capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is responsible for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time communication sessions?

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) focus on?

Delivery of media data in real time Signup and view all the answers

What ports does Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) use for non-encrypted communication?

TCP/UDP ports 5060 Signup and view all the answers

What type of information does the Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) provide?

Feedback on packet delivery and network statistics Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding VoIP services?

VoIP supports voice, video, and multimedia sessions. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does a VoIP-enabled PBX provide over traditional PBX systems?

Reduces reliance on physical infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Which of these protocols primarily transports audio/video data in real time?

Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

HTTP is the foundation of data exchange on the web
HTTP is used to fetch resources like HTML documents, images, and videos from the web
HTTP uses port 80
HTTP uses a URL beginning with http://

### HTTP Secure (HTTPS)

HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP
HTTPS uses TLS (SSL) encryption
HTTPS uses port 443
HTTPS URLs begin with https://

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

FTP requires users to provide credentials
FTP may allow anonymous access
FTP has two channels: command channel for instructions/responses and data channel for file transfers
FTP has two transfer modes: active and passive.
- Active mode: server connects back to the client to transfer data
- Passive mode: the client initiates command/data connections to avoid firewall issues

Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)

SFTP encrypts data
SFTP uses a single channel
SFTP uses port 22

### Server Message Block Protocol (SMB)

SMB allows computers on the same network to share resources
SMB is used by Windows and Linux using Samba

Voice and Video Services

VoIP transmits voice calls over IP networks
VoIP supports voice, video, and multimedia sessions
PBX is a Private Branch Exchange
- PBX connects internal phone lines within an organization
- PBX manages incoming/outgoing calls, voicemail, and call forwarding
VoIP-Enabled PBX combines PBX functions with VoIP and operates over LAN or WAN

VoIP Protocols

Real-Time Protocol (RTP) transports audio/video over the Internet in real-time
- RTP uses even-numbered UDP ports to stream media
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (TRCP) provides out-of-band statistics and control information for RTP sessions
- TRCP uses the next higher odd-numbered port from the RTP port
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) initiates, maintains, and terminates real-time communication sessions
- SIP uses TCP/UDP ports 5060 (non-encrypted) and 5061 (TLS-encrypted)

Load Balancer

Load Balancer distributes network traffic across multiple servers
Load Balancers can be hardware-based or software-based
Load Balancers reduce downtime and increase scalability
Load Balancers reduce the workload on individual servers

High Availability Clusters

High Availability Clusters ensure continuous operation and minimize downtime via redundant components and failover mechanisms
High Availability Clusters are ideal for applications where uptime is crucial
High Availability Clusters automatically manage failovers to maintain operations
High Availability Clusters monitor system health

First Hop Redundancy

First Hop Redundancy ensures uninterrupted network service by automatically switching to a backup gateway if the primary one fails
First Hop Redundancy uses protocols like HSRP/VRRP

Summary

Implement HTTPS everywhere on web servers
Utilize secure protocols like SFTP/FTPS for file transfers.
Restrict unencrypted services (SMB) to trusted internal networks
Develop DR/HA plans for business continuity.

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Description

This quiz covers key networking protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, and SMB. Understand their functionalities, secure versions, and key differences. Test your knowledge on how these protocols facilitate data exchange over the internet.