Questions and Answers
Which of the following services enables computers on a private IPv4 network to access the Internet using a registered IP address?
Which of the following best defines the concept of the dual stack?
Network Address Translation (NAT) operates at which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
Which of the following is the most accurate description of the subnetting process on an IPv4 network?
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Which of the following IPv4 addresses are you unable to assign to a network host? (Choose all that apply.)
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How many bits are allocated to the host identifier in an IPv4 address on the 10.72.0.0/17 network?
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Which of the following are not valid IPv4 addresses in the private address space defined by RFC 1918? (Choose all that apply.)
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Alice has been instructed to create an IPv4 network with 8 subnets and 30 hosts per subnet. Which of the following subnet masks will she have to use?
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Which of the following is the default subnet mask for an IPv4 Class C network?
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Study Notes
NAT and IP Addressing
- Network Address Translation (NAT) allows private IPv4 networks to access the internet using registered IP addresses.
- NAT substitutes registered IP addresses in packets as they pass through a router, enabling internet access for devices with unregistered IPs.
- The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allocates IP addresses, while the Domain Name System (DNS) resolves domain names to IP addresses.
Dual Stack Concept
- A dual stack refers to an IP implementation that supports both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols simultaneously.
- Distinctions include multihomed systems (multiple network adapters) and dual-boot systems (two operating systems).
NAT Layer in OSI Model
- NAT operates at the Network layer of the OSI model by altering IP address headers.
- It is independent of the Data Link layer and does not interfere with Transport layer protocols.
Subnetting Process
- Subnetting involves borrowing bits from the host identifier in an IPv4 address to create a subnet identifier.
- The size of an IPv4 address is fixed at 32 bits, making it impossible to extend it or remove bits from the network identifier.
Invalid IPv4 Addresses
- Class D addresses (224 to 239 in the first byte) are reserved for multicast; thus, they cannot be assigned to hosts.
- An invalid IPv4 address has a byte exceeding the 255 limit, such as 103.256.77.4.
Host Identifier Bits in CIDR
- In CIDR notation, 10.72.0.0/17 specifies a 17-bit network identifier, leaving 15 bits for the host identifier in the IPv4 address.
Private IPv4 Address Space
- RFC 1918 defines private address spaces:
- 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
- Addresses outside these ranges, such as 172.33.19.7 and 172.15.2.9, are not valid as private IPs.
Creating Subnets
- For a Class C network requiring 8 subnets and 30 hosts each, 3 bits must be borrowed for subnetting, resulting in a subnet mask of 255.255.255.224.
- This allocation provides sufficient host addresses per subnet while allowing the desired number of subnets.
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Description
This quiz covers the essentials of configuring subnets and utilizing appropriate IP addressing schemes. Test your understanding of key networking services such as DHCP, NAT, DNS, and NTP with flashcards designed to reinforce your knowledge.
