Networking Fundamentals Quiz

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Questions and Answers

A host is an end system, while a router is a network device.

True (A)

The Internet is a hierarchy of networks, all connected by routers and switches.

True (A)

A wireless link is a type of communication connection that uses radio waves to transmit data between two devices.

True (A)

The bandwidth of a transmission link is determined by the delay it introduces to data packets.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Internet is used for communication, but it is not used to support applications, such as social networking or online gaming.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Servers are never located inside data centers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Access networks are always wired.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propagation delay is primarily determined by the length of the link and the speed of the signal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nodal processing delay includes the time spent queuing for transmission.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Packet loss occurs when a router's buffers are full and arriving packets cannot be stored.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transmission delay for a packet is inversely proportional to the link's bandwidth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A physical link is a physical connection between two devices, but it does not transmit data in the form of bits.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fiber optic cable is often used in point-to-point connections due to its high error rate, making it less reliable for long distances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Network Edge

The part of the network that includes end systems and access networks, enabling devices to connect.

End Systems

Devices like PCs, servers, and smartphones that connect to networks and run applications.

Packet Switches

Devices such as routers and switches that forward packets of data through the network.

Protocols

Sets of rules that control the sending and receiving of messages over the network, like TCP and IP.

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Internet Standards

Agreements and specifications that govern the operation and interoperability of the Internet, like RFC and IETF.

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Human Protocols

Communication rules among humans, like greetings or asking questions.

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Network Protocols

Rules governing data exchange between machines in a network.

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Access Networks

Physical links connecting end systems to the network edge (routers).

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Network Core

Interconnected routers forming the backbone of a network.

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Bandwidth

The rate of data transfer in bits per second in a network.

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Sources of Packet Delay

Factors that contribute to delays in packet transmission, including processing, queueing, transmission, and propagation delays.

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Transmission Delay (dtrans)

The time taken to push all the packet's bits onto the wire, calculated as packet length (L) divided by link bandwidth (R).

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Propagation Delay (dprop)

The time it takes for a signal to travel across a physical medium, calculated as distance (d) divided by propagation speed (s).

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Queueing Delay

The time packets spend waiting in line before being transmitted, influenced by the congestion level of routers.

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Nodal Processing Delay (dproc)

The time taken by a router to process a packet, including error checking and determining the output link.

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DSL Access Network

Network that uses existing telephone lines to connect to the internet, separating voice and data traffic.

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Cable Network Access

Network that uses a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) system to provide internet and TV using different frequencies.

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Ethernet Access Network

A network system commonly used in institutions with varying transmission rates (10Mbps to 10Gbps).

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Wireless Access Network

A shared wireless network connecting devices to the internet via an access point; can be local (WiFi) or wide-area (cellular).

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Physical Media Types

Different mediums for transmitting signals: guided (like copper, fiber) and unguided (like radio waves).

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Study Notes

Introduction to Computer Networking

  • The textbook, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6th edition by Jim Kurose and Keith Ross, is freely available to faculty, students, and readers.
  • The PowerPoint slides can be used with modifications and additions.
  • Users are asked to give credit for the source of the slides if utilized in a classroom setting or posted online.
  • The content of the slides is based on the authors' work, and copyright is held by the authors.

Topic 1: What is the Internet ?

  • The Internet is a network of networks.
  • End systems are hosts (clients and servers) residing in data centers.
  • Access networks connect end systems to edge routers.
  • Communication links are different physical media.
  • Packet switches forward packets.

Topic 2: Network Core

  • Packet switching is used to forward data.
  • Circuit switching is a different approach to data transfer.
  • Network structure involves interconnected routers (interconnected ISPs).
  • Interconnected systems and network structures exist.

Topic 3: Network Edge

  • End systems include clients and servers.
  • Access networks are physical media.
  • Links are wired/wireless/etc., connecting devices within the edge.

Topic 4: Delay, Loss, and Throughput

  • Packets queue in router buffers.

  • Packet arrival rate can exceed link capacity: lead to delay and loss.

  • Packet loss occurs when buffers are full; packages are dropped.

  • Delay occurs because of transmission, propagation, nodal processing, and queuing delays.

    • Transmission delay depends upon packet length and link bandwidth.
    • Propagation delay is based on link length and propagation speed in the medium.
    • Nodal processing delay considers checking bits, determining output link.

  • Throughput is the rate at which bits can be transferred.

  • Instantaneous throughput relates to rate at a given instant.

  • Average throughput is across a larger interval.

Topic 5: Network Protocols

  • Protocols define message formats and order.
  • Protocols dictate interactions between network entities.
  • Protocols guide actions on message transmission and receipt.

Topic 6: Protocols and Internet Operation

  • Protocols are necessary for communication in networks.
  • Data transmission rate depends on bandwidth (R) and packet size (L).
  • The concept of a message is broken into smaller packets transferred through a network.

Topic 7: Physical Media

  • Physical media includes guided (solid media) and unguided (radio link types) methods.

    • Guided media like twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables.
    • Unguided media include radio/microwave links.

  • Media are crucial for communication networks.

  • Radio link types are part of the guided/unguided media.
  • Terrestrial microwave, LAN (e.g., WiFi), wide-area (cellular), and satellite links.

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Related Documents

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (6th Edition) PDF

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