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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the OSI physical layer?
What is the primary function of the OSI physical layer?
- Transmitting bits across the local media (correct)
- Controlling access to data packets
- Exchanging frames between nodes
- Performing error detection on frames
Why are two strands of fiber optic cable commonly used for connections?
Why are two strands of fiber optic cable commonly used for connections?
- To increase the distance data can travel
- To enhance data encryption
- To allow for full-duplex connectivity (correct)
- To prevent electrical interference
Which of the following best describes crosstalk?
Which of the following best describes crosstalk?
- Weakening of signals in wireless connections
- Distortion from adjacent wire signals (correct)
- Loss of signal due to distance
- Interference caused by large networks
Which method is effective in minimizing the impact of crosstalk in twisted pair cables?
Which method is effective in minimizing the impact of crosstalk in twisted pair cables?
What could be a reason for lower than expected network throughput?
What could be a reason for lower than expected network throughput?
What is the primary role of error detection in networking?
What is the primary role of error detection in networking?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using fiber optic cables over copper cables?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using fiber optic cables over copper cables?
In networking, what is the main purpose of grounding connections?
In networking, what is the main purpose of grounding connections?
What is the primary cause of crosstalk in unshielded twisted-pair copper wire?
What is the primary cause of crosstalk in unshielded twisted-pair copper wire?
What would NOT be a reason for interference in UTP cables in addition to cable length?
What would NOT be a reason for interference in UTP cables in addition to cable length?
What type of cable consists of four pairs of twisted wires encased in a plastic sheath?
What type of cable consists of four pairs of twisted wires encased in a plastic sheath?
Which characteristic describes fiber cable?
Which characteristic describes fiber cable?
What type of interference can electromagnetic interference cause in UTP cables?
What type of interference can electromagnetic interference cause in UTP cables?
In what scenario would braided wire be used in network cabling?
In what scenario would braided wire be used in network cabling?
Which of these factors is NOT a characteristic of UTP cabling?
Which of these factors is NOT a characteristic of UTP cabling?
What is the primary difference between UTP and STP cables?
What is the primary difference between UTP and STP cables?
Which of the following factors can affect a network's throughput? (Choose three.)
Which of the following factors can affect a network's throughput? (Choose three.)
Which two characteristics accurately describe fiber-optic cable? (Choose two.)
Which two characteristics accurately describe fiber-optic cable? (Choose two.)
What is a primary function of the Physical layer in a network?
What is a primary function of the Physical layer in a network?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why throughput might be lower than the specified bandwidth?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why throughput might be lower than the specified bandwidth?
Which characteristic differentiates fiber-optic cables from UTP cables?
Which characteristic differentiates fiber-optic cables from UTP cables?
What contributes to the latency in a network?
What contributes to the latency in a network?
Which of these statements about fiber-optic vs. UTP cabling is accurate?
Which of these statements about fiber-optic vs. UTP cabling is accurate?
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Study Notes
OSI Physical Layer
- Controls access to media and transmits bits across local media.
- Does not perform error detection; focuses solely on physical transmission of data.
- Exchanges frames between nodes via physical network media.
Fiber Optic Connections
- Utilizes two strands for full-duplex connectivity, allowing simultaneous data transmission in both directions.
- Prevents crosstalk and enhances distances without signal degradation.
Crosstalk
- Occurs when signals from adjacent wiring distort transmitted messages.
- Can arise from sources like fluorescent lighting as well as interference over long distances.
- Weakened signals are not directly related to crosstalk.
Reducing Crosstalk in Copper Cables
- Twisting opposing wire pairs together diminishes the effect of crosstalk.
- Proper grounding and metallic shielding can help, as well as avoiding sharp bends during installation.
Network Media Usage
- Evaluate different scenarios to select the appropriate network media type based on requirements.
Factors Influencing Network Throughput
- Amount and type of traffic on the network directly affect throughput.
- Latency created by network devices also influences overall performance.
- Notably, bandwidth alone does not guarantee expected throughput levels.
Characteristics of Fiber-Optic Cable
- Immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI).
- Generally more expensive than unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling.
- Higher bandwidth capacity supports longer distances effectively.
Primary Role of Physical Layer
- Responsible for creating signals that represent bits in frames for transmission.
- Facilitates the transportation of bit streams across network media without addressing packets or determining paths.
Causes of Crosstalk in UTP Cables
- Generated by magnetic fields around adjacent wire pairs during current flow.
- Not caused by cable structure or collisions between nodes.
Cable Types
- Fiber optic cables consist of transparent strands of glass encapsulated in plastic.
- Other types of cabling include UTP and STP, which utilize twisted and shielded wires, respectively, to minimize interference.
Interference Factors for UTP Cables
- Crosstalk and electromagnetic interference are two significant barriers to effective communication over UTP cables.
- Other factors like bandwidth and network size typically do not contribute directly to interference.
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