Networking Concepts Quiz
54 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a disadvantage of simple flooding in network communication?

  • It only works for small networks.
  • It can lead to inefficiency by sending multiple copies of a packet. (correct)
  • It requires minimal packets to be sent.
  • It guarantees the packet will reach the destination.

    • In a flooding network design, a packet can be forwarded back to the node that just sent it.

    False

    What is the purpose of including a hop limit in a packet?

    To limit the number of times a packet can be forwarded through the network.

    In selective flooding, packets are sent to a selection of ______.

    <p>neighbours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following strategies to their descriptions:

    <p>Don’t send back = Prevents routing loops Only forward once = Avoids duplicate packets Duplicate detection = Discards multiple copies Hop limit = Controls packet forwarding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the flooding strategy protocol?

    <p>Data compression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive routing algorithms do not adjust based on network conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to determine routes in adaptive routing?

    <p>Least-cost routing algorithm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to create a dedicated communications path between two stations?

    <p>Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In packet switching, data is transmitted through dedicated paths only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which routing design strategy involves using a single permanent route for each source to destination pair?

    <p>Fixed Routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one technology used in wide area switched networks.

    <p>Circuit Switching or Packet Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fixed routing can respond to traffic changes in the network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Switching nodes in a network are not concerned with the __________ of data.

    <p>content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of fixed routing.

    <p>Simplicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Circuit Switching = Dedicated path for communication Packet Switching = Data sent in packets Switching Nodes = Routing points in a network Stations = Devices attached to the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routes in fixed routing are determined using least cost algorithms such as ______ and ______.

    <p>Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical characteristic of packet switching?

    <p>Messages sent as a series of packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing strategies with their characteristics:

    <p>Fixed Routing = Uses a single permanent route for each source-destination pair Dynamic Routing = Adapts to changes in network topology Adaptive Routing = Changes routes based on network load Hybrid Routing = Combines features of fixed and dynamic routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All nodes in a switched network must be fully connected to each other.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of fixed routing?

    <p>Inability to respond to network load changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is typically stored in a routing table?

    <p>Next node in path and optionally cost of path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the devices attached to a switched network called?

    <p>Stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a circuit switching system, the logical channel is __________ to a connection on each physical link.

    <p>allocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fixed routing is the most flexible routing design strategy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a phase in circuit switching?

    <p>Packet Fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of adaptive routing?

    <p>Improved performance through suited path selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adaptive routing always leads to the best routing decisions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one routing protocol used for determining the least-cost routes.

    <p>Dijkstra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A routing protocol specifies the routing algorithm, routing information, and formats of ______.

    <p>messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing protocols with their characteristics:

    <p>OSPF = Link-state routing protocol RIP = Distance-vector routing protocol BGP = Path vector protocol EIGRP = Hybrid routing protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of adaptive routing?

    <p>Complex decision-making processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if adaptive routing reacts too quickly to network changes?

    <p>Oscillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increasing the amount of information for routing decisions decreases network overhead.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which algorithm is used in link state routing to determine the least-cost routes?

    <p>Dijkstra's algorithm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In link state routing, each node only needs to know the state of its immediate neighbors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the link state packet in link state routing?

    <p>To send the state of the node's links to every other node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In link state routing, a node builds a routing table based on the _____ created from its shortest path tree.

    <p>shortest path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of link state routing to their descriptions:

    <p>Link State Packet = Contains the node's link information Flooding = Method to send link state packets Hop Count = Indicates the age of the packet Routing Table = Stores the least-cost paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be reserved in circuit switching before data transfer begins?

    <p>Path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In circuit switching, resources are released immediately after the data transfer is complete.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of packet switching?

    <p>Datagram packet switching and virtual circuit packet switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In packet switching, data is broken into ________ before transmission.

    <p>packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of circuit switching?

    <p>Processes each packet independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In virtual circuit packet switching, all packets take the same path across the network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue associated with circuit switching resources?

    <p>Inefficiency if applications do not utilize the reserved capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ________ packet switching, packets may arrive out of order and take different paths across the network.

    <p>datagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a circuit switching network?

    <p>Private telephone network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching is generally seen as more efficient for data connections compared to circuit switching.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What guarantees are provided in circuit switching concerning data transfer?

    <p>Guaranteed data rate and delay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of switching with their characteristics:

    <p>Circuit Switching = Reserves resources for a dedicated connection Packet Switching = Sends data in small packets Datagram Packet Switching = Processes each packet independently Virtual Circuit Packet Switching = Maintains the same path for all packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during circuit disconnection?

    <p>Resources are de-allocated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In packet switching, each packet contains headers that inform the switches where to send the packets.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major benefit of packet switching over circuit switching?

    <p>Efficiency in resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Communication Networks

    • Communication networks are formed by connecting devices across multiple links.
    • Switching is the method of delivering data between a source and destination across multiple links.
    • Stations (end-user devices) act as sources and destinations of data.
    • Switches connect links and forward data between source and destination.

    Circuit and Packet Switching

    • Circuit switching techniques determine how to deliver data across one or more paths between source and destination.
    • Packet switching determines the path taken between source and destination.
    • There are different routing metrics, strategies, algorithm, and protocols available.

    Routing

    • Routing is a key design issue in switched networks.
    • The question is what path (route) should be taken from the source to the destination.
    • The answer is to choose the "best" path.
    • What is "best" and how to choose it?
    • Real networks may contain hundreds to hundreds of thousands of nodes with many possible paths.
    • Routing is needed in circuit-switched and packet-switched networks.

    Requirements of Routing Algorithms

    • Correctness: the path must be from the intended source to the intended destination.
    • Simplicity: easy and cheap to implement.
    • Robustness: able to deliver in the presence of errors or overload.
    • Stability: path changes should not be too frequent.
    • Optimality: choose the best paths.
    • Fairness: ensuring all stations obtain equal performance.
    • Efficiency: minimizing processing and transmission overhead.

    Routing Terminology

    • Link: direct connection between two nodes.
    • Path: a way between two nodes via one or more links.
    • Hop: to traverse a link.
    • Neighbor: A node at the other end of a link.
    • Cost: value assigned to a link indicating the cost of using that link.
    • Topology: the arrangement of nodes and links in a network.
    • Least-cost routing is the practice of selecting a path with the lowest cost.

    Strategy 1: Fixed Routing

    • Use a single permanent route for each source-destination pair.
    • Routes are determined using a least-cost algorithm (e.g., Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford).
    • The route is fixed until a change in network topology (e.g. node/link added/deleted).
    • Fixed routing cannot respond to traffic changes.
    • It is simple but lacks flexibility.

    Strategy 2: Flooding

    • Instead of choosing a route before sending data, just send the data to everyone.
    • A copy of the original packet is sent to all neighbours of the Source.
    • Each node receiving the packet forwards a copy to all its neighbours.
    • Advantages: all possible routes are tried. At least one packet will take the minimum hop route. All nodes are visited; distributing network status information. Simple.
    • Disadvantages: inefficient; needs many copies to get one to the destination. Using hop limits and selective flooding can prevent packets from reaching the destination.

    Flooding Extensions

    • Don't resend messages back to the sender node.
    • Only forward packets once.
    • Duplicate detection avoids duplicate copies.
    • Hop limits prevent packets from traversing too many hops.
    • Selective flooding sends packets to a selection of neighbours (e.g., random, round-robin).

    Strategy 3: Adaptive Routing

    • Uses a least-cost routing algorithm to determine a route.
    • Adapts the route as network conditions change.
    • Used in almost all packet switching networks (e.g., the Internet).
    • Requires network status information from the local node, adjacent nodes, or all nodes.

    Characteristics of Adaptive Routing

    • Advantages: improved performance; potentially better paths; balanced traffic.
    • Disadvantages: decisions are more complex; trade-off between quality of network information and overhead. Reacting too quickly can cause instability. Reacting too slowly means information may be irrelevant.

    Routing Protocols

    • A routing protocol is used by nodes to automatically determine routes in the network.
    • Routing protocols specify: a routing algorithm (e.g., Dijkstra's, Bellman-Ford); routing information exchanged between nodes; the format of routing messages.
    • Metrics include hop count and bandwidth.
    • Examples of real routing protocols include OSPF, RIP, BGP, IGRP, EIGRP, PNNI, IS-IS, DSDV, and AODV.
    • Uses Dijkstra's algorithm to determine least-cost routes.
    • Each node learns the topology of the network.
    • Calculates the least-cost route from itself to every other node.
    • Steps for each node:
      1. Record its own link state (e.g., source/destination, metric).
      2. Flood the link state packet to all other nodes.
      3. Create shortest path tree.
      4. Build a routing table based on the tree.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    CS461 Switching PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various networking concepts including flooding, routing strategies, and adaptive routing. This quiz covers topics such as packet switching, hop limits, and dedicated communication paths. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the intricacies of network communication!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser